Editing Damselfly (section)

== Classification ==
The Zygoptera are an ancient group, with the earliest fossils dating to the [[Kimmeridgian]] age of the [[Late Jurassic]], around 152&nbsp;million years ago.<ref name=Jurassic>{{cite journal |author=Bechly, G. |year=2019 |title=New fossil Odonata from the Upper Jurassic of Bavaria with a new fossil calibration point for Zygoptera |journal=Palaeoentomology |volume=2 |issue=6 |pages=618–632 |doi=10.11646/palaeoentomology.2.6.13 |bibcode=2019Plegy...2..618B |s2cid=210159976 }}</ref> Well-preserved [[Eocene]] damselfly larvae and exuviae are known from fossils preserved in [[amber]] in the Baltic region.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bechly |first1=Günter |last2=Wichard |first2=Wilfried |title=Damselfly and dragonfly nymphs in Eocene Baltic amber (Insecta: Odonata), with aspects of their palaeobiology |journal=Palaeodiversity |date=30 December 2008 |volume=1 |pages=37–73 |url=http://www.palaeodiversity.org/pdf/01/Palaeodiversity_1_03_037-074.pdf |access-date=16 March 2015 |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402121339/http://www.palaeodiversity.org/pdf/01/Palaeodiversity_1_03_037-074.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Molecular analysis in 2021 confirms that most of the traditional families are [[monophyletic]], but shows that the [[Amphipterygidae]], [[Megapodagrionidae]] and [[Protoneuridae]] are [[paraphyletic]] and will need to be reorganised. The Protoneuridae in particular is shown to be composed of six clades from five families. The result so far is 27 damselfly families, with seven more likely to be created. The discovered [[clade]]s did not agree well with traditional characteristics used to classify living and fossil Zygoptera such as wing venation, so fossil taxa will need to be revisited. The results of the analysis are show in the phylogenetic tree shown below, with the seven new or ressurrected families marked with an asterisk:<!--<ref name=Dijkstra2013>{{cite journal |last1=Dijkstra |first1=Klaas-Douwe B. |last2=Kalkman |first2=Vincent J. |last3=Dow |first3=Rory A. |last4=Stokvis |first4=Frank R. |last5=van Tol |first5=Jan |title=Redefining the damselfly families: a comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Zygoptera (Odonata)|journal=Systematic Entomology |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=68–96 |year=2013 |doi=10.1111/syen.12035 |url=http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/634681 |doi-access=free }}</ref> (probably now obsolete given Bybee et al 2021)--><ref name="Bybee 2021">{{cite journal | last1=Bybee | first1=Seth M. | last2=Kalkman | first2=Vincent J. | last3=Erickson | first3=Robert J. | last4=Frandsen | first4=Paul B. | last5=Breinholt | first5=Jesse W. | last6=Suvorov | first6=Anton | last7=Dijkstra | first7=Klaas-Douwe B. | last8=Cordero-Rivera | first8=Adolfo | last9=Skevington | first9=Jeffrey H. | last10=Abbott | first10=John C. | last11=Sanchez Herrera | first11=Melissa | last12=Lemmon | first12=Alan R. | last13=Moriarty Lemmon | first13=Emily | last14=Ware | first14=Jessica L. |display-authors=3 | title=Phylogeny and classification of Odonata using targeted genomics | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=160 | year=2021 | issn=1055-7903 | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107115 | page=107115| doi-access=free | pmid=33609713 | bibcode=2021MolPE.16007115B | hdl=11093/2768 | hdl-access=free }}</ref>

{{clade |style=font-size:85%;line-height:85%
|grouplabel1={{clade labels |label1="Calopterygoidea" |top1=50% }}
|label1= Zygoptera
|1={{clade
   |label1=[[Lestoidea (superfamily)|Lestoidea]]
   |1={{clade
      |1=[[Hemiphlebiidae]] (ancient greenling)
      |2={{clade
         |1={{clade
             |1=[[Perilestidae]] (shortwings)
             |2=[[Synlestidae]] (sylphs)
             }}
         |2=[[Lestidae]] (spreadwings)
         }}
      }}
   |2={{clade
      |1={{clade
         |label1=[[Platystictoidea]]
         |1=[[Platystictidae]] (shadowdamsels)
         }}
      |2={{clade
         |label1x="Calopterygoidea" Group 1 |bar1=red
         |1=[[Priscagrion|Priscagrionidae]]*
         |2={{clade
            |label1x="Calopterygoidea" Group 2 |bar1=red
            |1={{clade
               |1=[[Philogeniidae]]
               |2={{clade
                  |1={{clade
                     |1=[[Tatocnemididae]]*
                     |2={{clade
                        |1=[[Pentaphlebiidae]]
                        |2=[[Protolestidae]]*
                        }}
                     }}
                  |2={{clade     
                     |1={{clade
                        |1=[[Mesagrionidae]]*
                        |2={{clade
                           |1=[[Dicteriadidae]] (barelegs)
                           |2=[[Hypolestidae]]
                           }}
                        }}
                     |2={{clade
                        |1=[[Heteragrionidae]]
                        |2=[[Polythoridae]] (bannerwings)
                        }}
                     }}
                  }}
               }}
            |2={{clade
               |label1x="Calopterygoidea" Group 3 |bar1=red
               |1={{clade
                  |1={{clade
                     |1=[[Mesopodagrionidae]]*
                     |2=[[Amanipodagrionidae]]*
                     }}
                  |2={{clade
                     |1={{clade
                        |1=[[Pseudolestidae]]
                        |2={{clade
                           |1=[[Lestoideidae]] (bluestreaks)
                           |2=[[Euphaeidae]] (odalisques)
                           }}
                        }}
                     |2={{clade
                        |1={{clade
                           |1=[[Devadattidae]]
                           |2=[[Amphipterygidae]]
                           }}
                        |2={{clade
                           |1=[[Thaumatoneuridae]]
                           |2=[[Rhipidolestidae]]*
                           }}
                        }}
                     }}
                  }}
               |2={{clade
                  |label1x="Calopterygoidea" Group 4 |bar1=red
                  |1={{clade
                     |1={{clade
                        |1=[[Philogangidae]]
                        |2=[[Philosinidae]]
                        }}
                     |2={{clade
                        |1={{clade
                           |1=[[Megapodagrionidae]]
                           |2=[[Argiolestidae]]
                           }}
                        |2={{clade
                           |1=[[Chlorocyphidae]] (jewels)
                           |2=[[Calopterygidae]] (demoiselles)
                           }}
                        }}
                     }}
                  |label2=[[Coenagrionoidea]]
                  |2={{clade
                     |1=[[Isostictidae]] (narrow-wings)
                     |2={{clade
                        |1=[[Platycnemididae]] (white-legged damselflies)
                        |2=[[Coenagrionidae]] (inc. [[Pseudostigmatidae]]) (pond damselflies)
                        }}
                     }}
                  }}
               }}
            }}
         }}
      }}
   }}
}}