Editing Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu (section)

==History==
Daitō-ryū (also known as simply Aiki-jūjutsu) is mostly considered to be a fighting style created by the Seiwa Minamoto clan, and handed down from generation to generation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Daito-Ryu Aiki Ju Jutsu|date=7 November 2018|url=https://daitouryu-jujutsu.com/characterize/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918171118/https://daitouryu-jujutsu.com/characterize/ |archive-date=2020-09-18 }}</ref> It was Shinra Saburo Minamoto Yoshimitsu the one who compiled all its teachings around the 11th century. [[Shinra Saburō Minamoto no Yoshimitsu]] (新羅 三郎 源 義光, 1045&ndash;1127) was a [[Minamoto clan]] [[samurai]] and member of the [[Seiwa Genji]] (the branch of the Minamoto family descended from the 56th imperial ruler of Japan, [[Emperor Seiwa]]).<ref>{{cite book| last = Papinot| first = Edmond| title = Historical and Geographical Dictionary of Japan| publisher = Librairie Sansaisha| year = 1909| location = Tokyo}}</ref> Yoshimitsu studied and researched the techniques handed down in his family in more detail. It is also believed that Yoshimitsu [[dissection|dissected]] the corpses of men killed in battle, studying their anatomy for the purpose of learning techniques for [[joint-locking]] and atemi-waza (nerve striking).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hisa|first=Takuma|title=Daito-Ryu Aiki Budo|url=http://www.aikidojournal.com/article.php?articleID=497|url-status=dead|website=Aikido Journal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011104105/http://www.aikidojournal.com/article.php?articleID=497|archive-date=2007-10-11}}</ref> Daitō-ryū takes its name from the mansion that Yoshimitsu lived in as a child, called {{nihongo|"Daitō"|大東}}, in [[Ōmi Province]] (modern day [[Shiga Prefecture]]).<ref name="pre-19th century history">{{cite web|last=Daito-ryu Aikijujutsu Headquarters |title=History of Daito-ryu: prior to the 19th century |work=History |publisher=Daito-ryu Aikijujutsu Headquarters |year=2006 |url=http://www.daito-ryu.org/history1_eng.html |access-date=18 July 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070706040728/http://www.daito-ryu.org/history1_eng.html |archive-date=6 July 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 

[[Image:SeiwaGenjiTree.png|thumb|left|upright=1.5|Family tree of the [[Seiwa Genji]]]]
Yoshimitsu eventually settled down in [[Kai Province]] (modern day [[Yamanashi Prefecture]]), and passed on what he learned within his family. Ultimately, Yoshimitsu's great-grandson Nobuyoshi adopted the surname "Takeda", which has been the name of the family to the present day. The [[Takeda family]] remained in Kai Province until the time of [[Takeda Shingen]] (武田 信玄, 1521–1573). Shingen opposed [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] and [[Oda Nobunaga]] in their campaign to unify and control all of Japan. With the death of Shingen and his heir, Takeda Katsuyori (武田 勝頼, 1546–1582), the Takeda family relocated to the [[Aizu]] domain (an area comprising the western third of modern-day [[Fukushima Prefecture]]).<ref name="pre-19th century history"/>

[[Image:Takeda Sokaku.jpg|thumb|right|Retouched photograph of Takeda Sokaku, {{circa}} 1888]]

Though these events caused the Takeda family to lose some of its power and influence, it remained intertwined with the ruling class of Japan. More importantly, the move to Aizu and subsequent events profoundly shaped what would emerge as Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu in the 19th century. One important event was the adoption of Tokugawa Ieyasu's grandson, Komatsumaru (1611–1673), by Takeda Kenshoin (fourth daughter of Takeda Shingen). Komatsumaru devoted himself to the study of the Takeda family's martial arts, and was subsequently adopted by Hoshina Masamitsu. Komatsumaru changed his name to [[Hoshina Masayuki]] (保科 正之), and in 1644 was appointed the governor of Aizu. As governor, he mandated that all subsequent rulers of Aizu study the arts of [[Ono-ha Ittō-ryū]] (which he himself had mastered), as well as the art of ''[[oshikiuchi]]'', a martial art which he developed for shogunal counselors and retainers, tailored to conditions within the palace. These arts became incorporated into and combined with the Takeda family martial arts.<ref name="pre-19th century history"/>

According to the traditions of Daitō-ryū, it was these arts which Takeda Sokaku began teaching to non-members of the family in the late 19th century. Takeda had also studied swordsmanship and spearmanship with his father, Takeda Sokichi, as well as [[Kashima Shinden Jikishinkage-ryū]] as an ''[[uchi-deshi]]'' (live-in student) under the renowned swordsman Sakakibara Kenkichi.<ref>{{cite web|last=Daito-ryu Aikijujutsu Headquarters |title=History of Daito-ryu: Takeda Sokaku |work=History |publisher=Daito-ryu Aikijujutsu Headquarters |year=2006 |url=http://www.daito-ryu.org/history2_eng.html |access-date=18 July 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070706040833/http://www.daito-ryu.org/history2_eng.html |archive-date=6 July 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> During his life, Sokaku traveled extensively to attain his goal of preserving his family's traditions by spreading Daitō-ryū throughout Japan.<ref name="Aiki News-Hisa">
Takuma Hisa Sensei, ''Shin Budo'' magazine, November 1942. republished as {{cite journal|last=Hisa |first=Takuma |title=Daito-Ryu Aiki Budo |journal=Aiki News |volume=85 |date=Summer 1990 |url=http://www.aikidojournal.com/article.php?articleID=497 |access-date=18 July 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011104105/http://www.aikidojournal.com/article.php?articleID=497 |archive-date=11 October 2007 }}</ref>

Takeda Sokaku's third son, Tokimune Takeda (武田 時宗 ''Takeda Tokimune'', 1916&ndash;1993), became the headmaster of the art following Sokaku's death in 1943. Tokimune taught what he called {{Nihongo|"Daitō-ryū Aikibudō"|大東流合気武道}}, an art that included the sword techniques of the Ono-ha Ittō-ryū along with the traditional techniques of Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu. It was also under Tokimune's headmastership that modern ''[[Dan (rank)|dan]]'' rankings were first created and awarded to the students of Daitō-ryū. Tokimune Takeda died in 1993 leaving no official successor, but a few of his high-ranking students, such as [[Katsuyuki Kondō|Katsuyuki Kondo]] (近藤 勝之 ''Kondō Katsuyuki'', 1945–) and Shigemitsu Kato, now head their own Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu organizations.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last=Pranin |first=Stanley |title=Takeda, Tokimune |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Aikido |year=2006 |url=http://www.aikidojournal.com/encyclopedia?entryID=666 |access-date=20 July 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013160606/http://www.aikidojournal.com/encyclopedia?entryID=666 |archive-date=13 October 2007}}</ref>