Editing Czechoslovakia (section)

==Characteristics==
;Form of state
*1918–1937: A [[democratic republic]] championed by [[Tomáš Masaryk]].<ref>{{cite web |title=16. Czechoslovakia (1918–1992) |url=https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/europerussiacentral-asia-region/czechoslovakia-1918-1992/ |website=uca.edu |access-date=27 January 2021}}</ref>
*1938–1939: After the annexation of [[Sudetenland]] by [[Nazi Germany]] in 1938, the region gradually turned into a state with loosened connections among the Czech, Slovak, and Ruthenian parts. A strip of southern Slovakia and [[Carpathian Ruthenia]] was redeemed by Hungary, and the [[Trans-Olza]] region was [[Teschen conflict|annexed by Poland]].
*1939–1945: The remainder of the state was dismembered and became split into the '''[[Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia]]''' and the '''[[Slovak Republic (1939–1945)|Slovak Republic]]''', while the rest of Carpathian Ruthenia was occupied and annexed by Hungary. A [[Czechoslovak Government-in-Exile|government-in-exile]] continued to exist in London, supported by the United Kingdom, United States and their [[Allies of World War II|Allies]]; after the [[German invasion of Soviet Union]], it was also recognized by the [[Soviet Union]]. Czechoslovakia adhered to the [[Declaration by United Nations]] and was a founding member of the United Nations.
*1946–1948: The country was governed by a [[National Front (Czechoslovakia)|coalition government]] with [[Communist Party of Czechoslovakia|communist]] ministers, including the prime minister and the minister of interior. [[Carpathian Ruthenia]] was ceded to the Soviet Union.
*1948–1989: The country became a [[Marxist-Leninist state]] under [[Soviet sphere of influence|Soviet domination]] with a [[command economy]]. In 1960, the country officially became a socialist republic, the '''[[Czechoslovak Socialist Republic]]'''. It was a [[satellite state]] of the Soviet Union.
*1989–1990: Czechoslovakia formally became a [[federal republic]] comprising the '''[[Czech Socialist Republic]]''' and the '''[[Slovak Socialist Republic]]'''. In late 1989, the communist rule came to an end during the [[Velvet Revolution]] followed by the re-establishment of a democratic [[parliamentary republic]].<ref name="czechuniversities.com">{{cite web |title=A Brief History of the Czech Republic – Live & Study – Czech Universities |url=https://www.czechuniversities.com/article/a-brief-history-of-the-czech-republic |website=czechuniversities.com |access-date=27 January 2021}}</ref>
*1990–1992: Shortly after the Velvet Revolution, the state was renamed the '''[[Czech and Slovak Federative Republic]]''', consisting of the [[Czech Republic]] and the [[Slovak Republic]] (Slovakia) until the [[Dissolution of Czechoslovakia|peaceful dissolution]] on 31&nbsp;December 1992.<ref name="czechuniversities.com"/>

;Neighbours<ref>{{cite web |title=Czechoslovakia |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/czechoslovakia |website=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org |access-date=27 January 2021}}</ref>
*[[Austria]] 1918–1938, 1945–1992
*Germany (both predecessors, [[West Germany]] and [[East Germany]], were neighbors between 1949 and 1990)
*[[Hungarian People's Republic|Hungary]]
*[[People's Republic of Poland|Poland]]
*[[Kingdom of Romania|Romania]] 1918–1938
*[[Soviet Union]] 1945–1991
*[[Ukraine]] 1991–1992 ([[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic|Soviet Union member]] until 1991)
;Topography
The country was of generally irregular terrain. The western area was part of the north-central European uplands. The eastern region was composed of the northern reaches of the [[Carpathian Mountains]] and lands of the [[Danube River]] basin.

;Climate
The weather was characterized by mild to cold winters and mild to warm summers, influenced by the Atlantic Ocean from the west, the Baltic Sea from the north, and Mediterranean Sea from the south. The country was situated in the transition zone between the [[Oceanic climate|oceanic]] and [[continental climate]] types.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Beck |first1=Hylke E. |last2=McVicar |first2=Tim R. |last3=Vergopolan |first3=Noemi |last4=Berg |first4=Alexis |last5=Lutsko |first5=Nicholas J. |last6=Dufour |first6=Ambroise |last7=Zeng |first7=Zhenzhong |last8=Jiang |first8=Xin |last9=van Dijk |first9=Albert I. J. M. |last10=Miralles |first10=Diego G. |date=2023-10-23 |title=High-resolution (1 km) Köppen-Geiger maps for 1901–2099 based on constrained CMIP6 projections |journal=Scientific Data |language=en |volume=10 |issue=1 |page=724 |doi=10.1038/s41597-023-02549-6 |issn=2052-4463 |pmc=10593765 |pmid=37872197|bibcode=2023NatSD..10..724B }}</ref>