Editing Cytosol (section)

==Definition==

The term "cytosol" was first introduced in 1965 by H. A. Lardy, and initially referred to the liquid that was produced by breaking  cells apart and pelleting all the insoluble components by [[Ultracentrifuge|ultracentrifugation]].<ref>Lardry, H. A. 1969. On the direction of pyridine nucleotide oxidation-reduction reactions in gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis. In: ''Control of energy metabolism'', edited by B. Chance, R. Estabrook, and J. R. Williamson. New York: Academic, 1965, p. 245, [https://books.google.com/books?id=MUueBQAAQBAJ].</ref><ref name="James-1984"/> Such a soluble cell extract is not identical to the soluble part of the cell cytoplasm and is usually called a cytoplasmic fraction.<ref name="Cammack-2006"/>

The term ''cytosol'' is now used to refer to the liquid phase of the cytoplasm in an intact cell.<ref name="Cammack-2006">{{cite book |author1=Cammack, Richard |author2=Teresa Atwood |author3=Attwood, Teresa K. |author4=Campbell, Peter Scott |author5=Parish, Howard I. |author6=Smith, Tony |author7=Vella, Frank |author8=Stirling, John |title=Oxford dictionary of biochemistry and molecular biology |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford [Oxfordshire] |year=2006 |isbn=0-19-852917-1 |oclc=225587597}}</ref> This excludes any part of the cytoplasm that is contained within organelles.<ref name="Lodish-1999"/> Due to the possibility of confusion between the use of the word "cytosol" to refer to both extracts of cells and the soluble part of the cytoplasm in intact cells, the phrase "aqueous cytoplasm" has been used to describe the liquid contents of the cytoplasm of living cells.<ref name="James-1984"/>

Prior to this, other terms, including '''hyaloplasm''',<ref>Hanstein, J. (1880). ''[https://archive.org/details/DasProtoplasma Das Protoplasma]''. Heidelberg. p. 24.</ref> were used for the cell fluid, not always synonymously, as its nature was not well understood (see [[protoplasm]]).<ref name="Cammack-2006"/>