Editing Cytosine (section)

==History==
Cytosine was discovered and named by [[Albrecht Kossel]] and Albert Neumann in 1894 when it was hydrolyzed from calf [[thymus]] tissues.<ref>A. Kossel and Albert Neumann (1894) [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k90735d/f437.image.langEN "Darstellung und Spaltungsprodukte der Nucleïnsäure (Adenylsäure)"] (Preparation and cleavage products of nucleic acids (adenic acid)), ''Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft zu Berlin'', '''27''' :  2215–2222.  The name "cytosine" is coined on page 2219:  ''" … ein Produkt von basischen Eigenschaften, für welches wir den Namen "Cytosin" vorschlagen."'' ( … a product with basic properties, for which we suggest the name "cytosine".)</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Kossel, A. |author2=Steudel, H. Z. | journal = Physiol. Chem. | year = 1903 | volume = 38 |issue=1–2 | pages = 49–59 | doi = 10.1515/bchm2.1903.38.1-2.49 | title = Weitere Untersuchungen über das Cytosin|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1448762 }}</ref> A structure was proposed in 1903, and was synthesized (and thus confirmed) in the laboratory in the same year.

In 1998, cytosine was used in an early demonstration of [[quantum information processing]]  when Oxford University researchers implemented the [[Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm]] on a two [[qubit]] [[Nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computer#Overview of Liquid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Quantum Information Processing|nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computer (NMRQC)]].<ref>{{cite journal | last = Jones | first = J.A. | author2 = M. Mosca | title = Implementation of a quantum algorithm on a nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computer | journal = J. Chem. Phys. | volume = 109 | issue = 5 | pages = 1648–1653 | date = 1998-08-01 | url = http://www.citebase.org/abstract?id=oai%3AarXiv.org%3Aquant-ph%2F9801027 | doi = 10.1063/1.476739 | access-date = 2007-10-18 | arxiv = quant-ph/9801027 | bibcode = 1998JChPh.109.1648J | s2cid = 19348964 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080612133706/http://www.citebase.org/abstract?id=oai%3AarXiv.org%3Aquant-ph%2F9801027 | archive-date = 2008-06-12 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

In March 2015, NASA scientists reported the formation of cytosine, along with uracil and thymine, from [[pyrimidine]] under the space-like laboratory conditions, which is of interest because pyrimidine has been found in meteorites although its origin is unknown.<ref name="NASA-20150303">{{cite web |last=Marlaire |first=Ruth |title=NASA Ames Reproduces the Building Blocks of Life in Laboratory |url=http://www.nasa.gov/content/nasa-ames-reproduces-the-building-blocks-of-life-in-laboratory |date=3 March 2015 |work=[[NASA]] |access-date=5 March 2015 |archive-date=5 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150305083306/http://www.nasa.gov/content/nasa-ames-reproduces-the-building-blocks-of-life-in-laboratory/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>