Editing Cumulative voting (section)

== History ==
Cumulative voting was used to elect the [[Illinois House of Representatives]]<ref name=ill1>{{cite web|last1=Kenney|first1=David|title=Cumulative Voting: The great debate over Illinois' unique system of electing legislators: No----ii760912|url=http://www.lib.niu.edu/1976/ii761112.html|website=[[Northern Illinois University]]|publisher=Illinois Issues|access-date=17 May 2015|date=12{{ndash}}14 November 1976}}</ref> from 1870 until its repeal in 1980<ref name=ill2>{{Cite web|url=https://prev.dailyherald.com/story/print/?id=294519|title=Daily Herald &#124; Some say Quinn's '79 initiative created environment for corruption|access-date=17 May 2015|first1=Dan|last1=Carden|date=19 May 2009|publisher=[[Daily Herald (Arlington Heights)|Daily Herald]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305012341/https://prev.dailyherald.com/story/print/?id=294519|archive-date=5 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FairVote - Illinois' Drive to Revive Cumulative Voting|url=http://archive.fairvote.org/?page=512|website=[[FairVote]]|access-date=17 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Cortes|first1=Anna|title=Homeowners Associations: CUMULATIVE VOTING|url=http://www.ahrc.com/new/index.php/src/news/sub/qa/action/ShowMedia/id/722|access-date=17 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511233331/http://www.ahrc.com/new/index.php/src/news/sub/qa/action/ShowMedia/id/722|archive-date=11 May 2008|date=2 August 2003}}</ref> and used in England and Scotland in the late 19th century to elect some school boards. As of March 2012, more than fifty communities in the United States use cumulative voting, all resulting from cases brought under the [[National Voting Rights Act of 1965]]. Among them are [[Peoria, Illinois]] for half of its city council, [[Chilton County, Alabama]] for its county council and school board, and [[Amarillo, Texas]], for its school board and College Board of Regents.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Newman|first1=Brad|title=Two new faces join AC regents &#124; Amarillo.com &#124; Amarillo Globe-News|url=http://amarillo.com/stories/051108/new_10304035.shtml|access-date=17 May 2015|publisher=[[Amarillo Globe-News]]|date=11 May 2008}}</ref> Courts sometimes mandate its use as a remedy in lawsuits brought under the Voting Rights Act in the United States; an example of this occurred in 2009 in [[Port Chester, New York]]<ref>{{cite web|title=FairVote.org &#124; Port Chester will use Cumulative Voting|url=http://www.fairvote.org/news/port-chester-will-use-cumulative-voting/|website=[[FairVote]]|access-date=17 May 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919171949/http://www.fairvote.org/news/port-chester-will-use-cumulative-voting/|archive-date=19 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Landmark Port Chester Cumulative Voting Election to Be Set for June 2010 -- PORT CHESTER, N.Y., Dec. 17 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/landmark-port-chester-cumulative-voting-election-to-be-set-for-june-2010-79549122.html|access-date=17 May 2015|publisher=[[PR Newswire]]|date=17 December 2009}}</ref> which had its first cumulative voting elections for its board of trustees in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|title=Page 2|url=http://portchestervotes.org/Page_2.html|website=Port chester votes|access-date=17 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217111650/http://portchestervotes.org/Page_2.html|archive-date=17 February 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{| class=wikitable align=right width=360
|+ Voting options
|[[File:Cumballot1.gif|120px]]
|[[File:Cumballot.gif|120px]]
|[[File:Cumballot3.gif|120px]]
|}
Cumulative voting was also used to elect city boards in [[Toronto]], [[Canada]] starting in [[1904 Toronto municipal election|1904]]. The ''Proportional Representation Review'' (September 1903) described it like this:
{{blockquote|Cumulative voting as applied to the Board of Control, means that each elector will have four votes but that he need not give each of them to a different candidate. He may do so if he wishes; but he has also the power to give all his four votes to one candidate. This makes "plumping" four times as powerful as it was by the old "block" vote system, when if you "plumped" for one candidate, you threw away three out of your four votes. Now you have the benefit of your full voting power, whether you plump or not. And plumping is the correct thing; in fact proportional representation is simply effective representation with the addition in the best systems of a provision for transfer of votes, so as to prevent wasting too many on one candidate...
Besides permitting an elector to give all four votes to one candidate, the cumulative plan enables him to give two of his votes to one candidate and two to another, or he may give three votes to one candidate and his fourth to another candidate. In fact he may distribute or cumulate his four votes as he pleases....
If one-fourth of the voters give all their votes to one candidate, they can elect him, no matter what the other three-fourths choose to do[...] thus Cumulative Voting if used carefully allows for minority representation.<ref>The Proportional Representation Review (September 1903) (online), p. 1, 2</ref>{{unreliable source?|date=June 2022}}}}

A form of cumulative voting has been used by group facilitators as a method to collectively prioritize options, for example ideas generated from a brainstorming session within a workshop. This approach is described as "multi-voting" and was likely derived from the [[nominal group technique]] and is one of many tools suggested within the [[Six Sigma]] business management strategy.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Munro |first1=Roderick A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TG4P4aGtqP0C&pg=PA114 |title=The Certified Six Sigma Green Belt Handbook |last2=Maio |first2=Matthew J. |last3=Nawaz |first3=Mohamed B. |last4=Ramu |first4=Govindarajan |last5=Zrymiak |first5=Daniel J. |date=2008 |publisher=ASQ Quality Press |isbn=978-0-87389-698-6 |language=en}}</ref>