Editing Culture of Peru (section)

==Literature==
{{Main|Peruvian literature}}
[[File:Felipe Guamán Poma de Ayala.jpg|left|thumb|Self-portrait of Felipe Guamán Poma de Ayala, who is taking on the relationships and legends of the ancient Indians, who by their headdresses are distinguished as coming from several provinces and from various ranks.]]
Peruvian literature has been shaped by the convergence of indigenous [[oral tradition]] and the technical resources of [[writing]] introduced by the Spanish. This fusion, from the very beginning, enabled the collection and expression of the diverse and complex cultural realities that came into conflict after the [[Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire|conquest]].

[[Quechuan literature|Quechua]] and [[Aymara language|Aymara]] literature, transmitted orally, was deeply linked to [[Religious ritual|religious]], agricultural, romantic, festive, and funerary rituals. These characteristics are reflected in certain forms of [[poetry]] and [[prose]], as seen in the early historical chronicles, including the [[Comentarios Reales de los Incas|''Comentarios Reales'']]<ref>Garcilaso de la Vega, I. (1609). Comentarios reales de los Incas.</ref> by [[Inca Garcilaso de la Vega]] and ''[[El primer nueva corónica y buen gobierno|Nueva Crónica y Buen Gobierno]]''<ref>Guaman Poma de Ayala, F. (2000). Nueva Crónica y Buen Gobierno.</ref> by [[Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala]]. Also notable is the connection between the yaravíes and patriotic and [[romantic poetry]], represented in the work of [[Mariano Melgar]].<ref>Puduñay, A. (1989). Literatura quechua: Antología.</ref>

During the [[Colonial peru|colonial]] and republican periods, the dominance of the [[Criollo people|criollo]] [[oligarchy]] in Peruvian society favored the adoption of European literary forms at the expense of [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|indigenous ones]]. In this context, [[Neoclassicism|neoclassical]] authors such as Manuel Ascensio Segura and [[Felipe Pardo y Aliaga]] emerged, dominating the literary scene until the late 19th century when [[romanticism]] took hold through figures like Carlos Augusto Salaverry and José Arnaldo Márquez.<ref>Basadre, J. H. (1968). Historia de la República del Perú.</ref> The crisis resulting from the [[War of the Pacific]] paved the way for [[modernism]], with exponents such as [[José Santos Chocano]] and [[José María Eguren]].
[[File:MASegura.jpg|thumb|Manuel Ascensio Segura y Cordero (Lima, 1805 - 1871) was a Peruvian writer and playwright, a representative of the costumbrista movement.]]
In the 20th century, [[Avant-garde|avant-garde movements]] gained strength, driven by magazines like ''Colónida'' and ''Amauta'', the latter founded in 1926 by [[José Carlos Mariátegui]], with notable collaborators such as [[César Vallejo]].<ref name="auto">Wiesse, P. (1971). Historia del arte peruano.</ref><ref>Mariátegui, J. C. (1928). 7 ensayos de interpretación de la realidad peruana.</ref> Meanwhile, [[indigenism]] resurfaced in the poetry of Luis Fabio Xammar.<ref>Salazar Bondy, S. (1963). Literatura peruana: 1928-1960.</ref> The [[Avant-garde|avant-garde movements]] fragmented into various [[Lyric poetry|lyrical]] proposals, such as those of [[Xavier Abril]], Alberto Hidalgo, [[Sebastián Salazar Bondy]], [[Carlos Germán Belli]], among others, opening new and diverse expressive fields.

In 19th-century Peruvian prose, the [[costumbrismo]] of Manuel Ascensio Segura and [[Ricardo Palma]], along with the [[modernism]] of [[Manuel González Prada]] and [[José Santos Chocano]], set the literary course. By the 20th century, [[Indigenism|indigenist]] [[prose]] reached some of its peak moments with [[Ciro Alegría]] and [[José María Arguedas]], whose influences extended to authors such as [[Sebastián Salazar Bondy]], [[Manuel Scorza]], and [[Julio Ramón Ribeyro]]. [[Mario Vargas Llosa]]<ref>Vargas Llosa, M. (1969). Conversación en la Catedral.</ref> and [[Alfredo Bryce|Alfredo Bryce Echenique]],<ref>Bryce Echenique, A. (1965). Huerto cerrado.</ref> while maintaining a realist approach, incorporated new [[List of narrative techniques|narrative techniques]].

In [[poetry]], prominent figures include Emilio Adolfo Westphalen, [[Jorge Eduardo Eielson]], [[Carlos Germán Belli]], [[Arturo Corcuera]], [[Antonio Cisneros]], [[Washington Delgado|Wáshington Delgado]], [[Marco Martos Carrera|Marco Martos]], and Carmen Ollé. In [[Contemporary literature|contemporary narrative]], notable authors include [[Miguel Gutiérrez (writer)|Miguel Gutiérrez]],<ref>Gutiérrez, M. (1989). La ciudad de los perros.</ref> [[Gregorio Martínez Sierra|Gregorio Martínez]], [[Alonso Cueto]], and [[Gustavo Rodríguez (writer)|Gustavo Rodríguez]], among others.