Editing Culture of Belgium (section)

==Art==
{{Main|Art in Belgium}}

===Painting===
{{See also|List of Belgian painters}}
[[File:Lamgods open.jpg|thumb|left|''The [[Ghent Altarpiece]]: The Adoration of the Mystic Lamb'' (interior view), painted 1432 by [[Jan van Eyck|van Eyck]]]]

Belgium's contributions to painting have been especially rich. [[Mosan art]], [[Early Netherlandish painting]],<ref name="Nv4HY">{{cite web|title=Low Countries, 1000–1400&nbsp;AD |work=Timeline of Art History |publisher=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] |year=2007 |url=http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/07/euwl/ht07euwl.htm |access-date=10 May 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070415094905/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/07/euwl/ht07euwl.htm |archive-date=15 April 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> the [[Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting|Flemish Renaissance]], and [[Flemish Baroque painting|Baroque painting]]<ref name="HFu1w">{{cite web|title=Low Countries, 1400–1600&nbsp;AD |work=Timeline of Art History |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |year=2007 |url=http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/08/euwl/ht08euwl.htm |access-date=10 May 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070429051506/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/08/euwl/ht08euwl.htm |archive-date=29 April 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> are milestones in the history of art. While 15th-century art in the [[Low Countries]] is dominated by the religious paintings of [[Jan van Eyck]] and [[Rogier van der Weyden]], the 16th century is characterised by a broader panel of styles such as [[Pieter Brueghel the Elder|Peter Brueghel]]'s landscape paintings and [[Lambert Lombard]]'s representation of the antique.<ref name="LjaN3">{{cite book|language=fr|first=Jacques|last=Hendrick|title=La peinture au pays de Liège|year=1987|location=Liège|publisher=Editions du Perron|isbn=978-2-87114-026-9|page=24}}</ref> Though the Baroque style of [[Peter Paul Rubens]] and [[Anthony van Dyck]] flourished in the early 17th century in the Southern Netherlands,<ref name="bGwvp">{{cite book|language=de|first=Herwig|last=Guratzsch|title=Die große Zeit der niederländische Malerei|year=1979|publisher=Verlag Herder|location=Freiburg im Beisgau|page=7}}</ref> it gradually declined thereafter.<ref name="I0Pep">{{cite web|title=Low Countries, 1600–1800&nbsp;AD |work=Timeline of Art History |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |year=2007 |url=http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/09/euwl/ht09euwl.htm |access-date=10 May 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070513131424/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/09/euwl/ht09euwl.htm |archive-date=13 May 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="9nPUy">{{cite web|title=Art History: Flemish School: (1600–1800)—Artists: (biography & artworks)|url=http://wwar.com/masters/movements/flemish_school.html|date=5 February 2006|publisher=World Wide Arts Resources|access-date=10 May 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20091013022635/http://wwar.com/masters/movements/flemish_school.html|archive-date=13 October 2009}}—A general presentation of the Flemish artistic movement with a list of its artists, linking to their biographies and artworks</ref>

During the 19th and 20th centuries, many original [[romanticism|romantic]], [[expressionism|expressionist]] and [[surrealism|surrealist]] Belgian painters emerged, including [[James Ensor]] and other artists belonging to the [[Les XX]] group, [[Constant Permeke]], [[Paul Delvaux]] and [[René Magritte]]. The avant-garde [[COBRA (avant-garde movement)|CoBrA movement]] appeared in the 1950s, while the sculptor [[Panamarenko]] remains a remarkable figure in contemporary art.<ref name="2jzAd">{{cite web|url=http://wwar.com/masters/nationalities/belgian.html|title=Belgian Artists: (biographies & artworks)|date=5 February 2006|publisher=World Wide Arts Resources|access-date=10 May 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160515200408/http://wwar.com/masters/nationalities/belgian.html|archive-date=15 May 2016}}—List of Belgian painters, linking to their biographies and artworks</ref><ref name="1BIrR">{{cite web |author=Baudson, Michel |title=Panamarenko |publisher=Flammarion (Paris), quoted at presentation of the XXIII Bienal Internacional de São Paulo |url=http://www1.uol.com.br/bienal/23bienal/universa/iueopa.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207233008/http://www1.uol.com.br/bienal/23bienal/universa/iueopa.htm |archive-date=7 February 2007 |access-date=10 May 2007 |year=1996 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Multidisciplinary artists [[Jan Fabre]], [[Wim Delvoye]] and the painter [[Luc Tuymans]] are other internationally renowned figures on the contemporary art scene.

===Comics===
{{Main|Belgian comics}}
[[File:Tintin and Snowy on the roof.jpg|thumb|[[Tintin (character)|Tintin]] and Snowy ([[Hergé]]), on the roof of the former headquarters of [[Le Lombard]] near [[Brussels-South railway station]]]]

Belgium has numerous well-known [[cartoonist]]s, such as [[Hergé]] (''[[The Adventures of Tintin]]''), [[Peyo]] (''[[The Smurfs]]''), [[Andre Franquin|Franquin]] (''[[Spirou et Fantasio]]'', ''[[Marsupilami]]'', ''[[Gaston Lagaffe|Gaston]]''), [[Willy Vandersteen]] (''[[Spike and Suzy]]''), [[Morris (comics)|Morris]] (''[[Lucky Luke]]''), [[Edgar Pierre Jacobs|Edgar P. Jacobs]] (''[[Blake and Mortimer]]''), [[Jef Nys]] (''[[Jommeke]]'') and [[Marc Sleen]] (''[[The Adventures of Nero|Nero]]'').<ref name="PtwmV">{{cite book|title=Comics in French: the European bande dessinée in context|author=Grove, Laurence|publisher=Berghahn Books|year=2010|isbn=978-1-84545-588-0}}</ref> More recently, [[Jean Van Hamme]] (''[[XIII (comic)|XIII]]'', ''[[Largo Winch]]'', ''[[Thorgal]]'', etc.), [[Raoul Cauvin]] (''[[Les Tuniques Bleues]]'', ''[[Agent 212]]''), [[François Schuiten]] and [[Benoît Peeters]] (''[[Les Cités Obscures]]'') are among the most read cartoonists.

Belgium is home to some of the most important European comics magazines and publishers, with [[Dupuis]] (''[[Spirou (magazine)|Spirou]]'' magazine), [[Le Lombard]] (''[[Tintin (magazine)|Tintin]]'' magazine) and [[Casterman]].

===Museums===
Some of the most impressive museums in Belgium are the [[Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium]] in [[Brussels]], which has a cinema, a concert hall and artworks of many periods, including a large [[René Magritte]] collection; the [[Royal Museum for Fine Arts, Antwerp|Royal Museum for Fine Arts]] in [[Antwerp]], which has an admirable collection of works by [[Peter Paul Rubens]]; the [[Groeningemuseum]] in [[Bruges]], with the [[Flemish Primitives]]; and the [[Museum aan de Stroom]] (MAS) in Antwerp, which is located on 't eilandje and is the biggest museum in Belgium.

Furthermore, the [[Plantin-Moretus Museum]] in Antwerp, a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]], is the complete factory of the largest 17th-century publishing house.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Plantin-Moretus House-Workshops-Museum Complex |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1185/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=whc.unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre}}</ref>