Editing Cultural bias (section)

== Psychology ==
Cultural bias has no ''a priori'' definition.{{what?|date=December 2020}} Instead, its presence is inferred from differential performance of socioracial (e.g., [[Black people|Blacks]], [[white people|Whites]]), ethnic (e.g., [[Latinos]]/Latinas, [[English people|Anglos]]), or national groups (e.g., [[Americans]], [[Japanese people|Japanese]]) on measures of psychological constructs such as cognitive abilities, knowledge or skills (CAKS), or symptoms of psychopathology (e.g., depression). Historically, the term grew out of efforts to explain between group score differences on CAKS tests primarily of [[African American]] and Latino/Latina American test takers relative to their [[White American]] counterparts and concerns that test scores should not be interpreted in the same manner across those groups in the name of fairness and equality (see also [[Cognitive dissonance]]). Although the concept of cultural bias in testing and assessment also pertains to score differences and potential misdiagnoses with respect to a broader range of psychological concepts, particularly in applied psychology and other social and behavioral sciences, this aspect of cultural bias has received less attention in the relevant literature.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Helms|first=Janet|editor1-last=Weiner|editor1-first=I. B.|editor2-last=Craighead|editor2-first=W. E.|date=January 30, 2010|encyclopedia=The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology|publisher=Wiley Online Library, American Cancer Society|doi=10.1002/9780470479216.corpsy0244|isbn = 9780470479216|chapter = Cultural Bias in Psychological Testing|pages=1–3 }}</ref>

Cultural bias in [[psychological testing]] refers to the standardized psychological tests that are conducted to determine the level of intelligence among the test-takers. Limitations of such verbal or non-verbal intelligence tests have been observed since their introduction. Many tests have been objected to, as they produced poor results for the ethnic or racial minorities (students), as compared to the racial majorities. There is minimal evidence supporting claims of cultural bias and cross-cultural examination is both possible and done frequently.<ref>{{Citation|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/9781118133880.hop210004#hop210004-sec1-0005-title |title=Bias in Psychological Assessment |first1=Cecil R. |last1=Reynolds |first2=Lisa A. |last2=Suzuki |via=Wiley Online Library |website=onlinelibrary.wiley.com|doi=10.1002/9781118133880.hop210004 |isbn=9780470619049 |date=26 September 2012 |access-date=29 July 2021}}</ref> As discussed above, the learning environment, the questions posed or situations given in the test may be familiar and strange at the same time to students from different backgrounds<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://psychologenie.com/understanding-cultural-bias-with-examples|title=Understanding the Phenomena of Cultural Bias With Examples|last=PsycholoGenie|date=2015-05-30|website=psychologenie.com|access-date=April 19, 2018}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=December 2019}}- the type of ambiguity in which intellectual differences become apparent in individual capacities to resolve the strange-yet-familiar entity.