Editing Cryogenics (section)

== Definitions and distinctions ==

; Cryogenics: The branches of engineering that involve the study of very low temperatures (ultra low temperature i.e. below 123 K), how to produce them, and how materials behave at those temperatures.

; [[Cryobiology]]: The branch of [[biology]] involving the study of the effects of low temperatures on [[organism]]s (most often for the purpose of achieving [[cryopreservation]]). Other applications include Lyophilization (freeze-drying) of pharmaceutical<ref>{{Cite web |last=Evans |first=Nicole |title=What is Cryobiology? |url=https://www.societyforcryobiology.org/what-is-cryobiology#:~:text=Applications%20of%20cryobiology%20include:,adaptation%20of%20plants%20and%20animals. |access-date=2023-11-27 |website=www.societyforcryobiology.org |language=en-us}}</ref> components and medicine.

; [[Cryoconservation of animal genetic resources]]: The conservation of genetic material with the intention of conserving a breed. The conservation of genetic material is not limited to non-humans. Many services provide genetic storage or the preservation of [[stem cell]]s at birth. They may be used to study the generation of cell lines or for [[stem-cell therapy]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hunt |first=Charles |date=April 3, 2011 |title=Cryopreservation of Human Stem Cells for Clinical Application: A Review |journal=Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy |volume=38 |issue=2 |pages=107–123 |doi=10.1159/000326623 |pmid=21566712 |pmc=3088734 }}</ref>

; [[Cryosurgery]]: The branch of surgery applying cryogenic temperatures to destroy and kill tissue, e.g. cancer cells. Commonly referred to as [[Cryoablation]].<ref>{{Cite web |date= June 21, 2021 |title=Cryosurgery to Treat Cancer |url=https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/surgery/cryosurgery |access-date=2023-11-27 |website=NCI |language=en}}</ref>

; [[Cryoelectronics]]: The study of electronic phenomena at cryogenic temperatures. Examples include [[superconductivity]] and [[variable-range hopping]].

; [[Cryonics]]: [[Cryopreservation|Cryopreserving]] humans and animals with the intention of future revival. "Cryogenics" is sometimes erroneously used to mean "Cryonics" in [[popular culture]] and the press.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cryogenicsociety.org/cryonics/|title=Cryonics is NOT the Same as Cryogenics |website=Cryogenic Society of America |access-date=5 March 2013|archive-date=2 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181202190822/https://cryogenicsociety.org/cryonics/|url-status=dead}}</ref>