Editing Crockett, California (section)

==History==
[[File:Karquines 1898.jpg|thumb|Crockett in 1898. Note earlier spelling of ''Karquines''.]]
Crockett is located on the Mexican land grant [[Rancho El Pinole]] made to [[Ygnacio Martinez]], and is named after [[Joseph B. Crockett]], a judge on the [[California Supreme Court]].<ref name=CGN /> The town started when Thomas Edwards Sr. bought {{convert|1800|acres|ha}} of land from Judge Crockett in 1866. Edwards built his home in 1867 and when other settlers arrived, he started the first general store in Crockett. Edwards' home still stands and is known as "The Old Homestead", a California Historical Landmark.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kyle|first1=Douglas E.|title=Historic Spots in California|date=1990|publisher=Stanford University Press|page=64|edition=4th}}</ref> Crocketville post office was established in 1883, and the name was changed to Crockett later that year.<ref name=CGN />

==="Sugar Town"===
In 1906, an agricultural cooperative of Hawaiian sugar cane growers bought an existing beet sugar factory, refitted the facility, built additional structures for their refining needs, eventually turning Crockett into a [[company town]] for the [[California and Hawaiian Sugar Company]] (better known as C&H).<ref name=CGN /> The cane was grown in Hawaii and delivered by ship to Crockett, where the C&H refinery turned it into a variety of finished products.<ref name="Hayes">[https://www.eastbayexpress.com/oakland/a-small-towns-sweet-sorrow/Content?oid=1067600 Hayes, Kerri. "A Small Town's Sweet Sorrow ." ''East Bay Express''. May 15, 2002.] Accessed July 16, 2002.</ref>

C & H soon became a dominant force in Crockett, which has been called a "[[company town]]."{{efn|One source wrote that Crockett was sometimes called, "Sugar Town."<ref name="Hayes"/>}} By the 1920s, the company employed about 95 percent of the residents. Employment peaked at 2,500 just before WWII broke out.<ref name="Hayes"/> C & H helped its employees obtain land and bank loans so that they could build houses. Company architects worked on designing the houses. The company funded many school and civic programs.<ref name="Hayes"/>

In March and April 1938, Crockett experienced a labor strike at the C&H plant, climaxing in a riot.  This was prior to the merger of the AFL and CIO national unions.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mero |first1=William |title=Sugar Wars and the Bloody Streets of Crockett {{!}} CCCHS Essays |url=http://www.cocohistory.com/essays-sugarwars.html |website=www.cocohistory.com |access-date=June 15, 2020}}</ref>

===Economic adaptation===
By the 1960s, the good times were largely over for C & H and Crockett. Revenues and profits began dropping, so that the company pumped less money into the community. There were many layoffs as the company tried to restore profitability. In 1984, the company proposed building a natural  gas-powered cogeneration plant that would provide steam for the sugar refinery and low-cost electricity for Crockett. A protest group calling itself the Crockett Power Plant Committee, supported by many Crockett residents, was formed and spent the next nine years opposing the proposal.<ref name="Hayes"/>  The proposed power plant was eventually built, but only after the company agreed to make major changes. C & H agreed to give Crockett $300,000 per year for the ensuing 30 years, which mostly funds its police and volunteer fire fighting departments.<ref name="Hayes"/>

The Hawaiian sugar farmers sold their holdings in 1993 to Hawaii-based Alexander & Baldwin, which converted C & H from a co-op into a corporation. In 1998, A & B sold a controlling interest to Citicorp Venture Capital (CVC). American Sugar Refining bought C & H in 2006, merging it with its other sugar operations. Revenues and profits continued their decline into the 21st century, until the Crockett plant processed its last shipment of Hawaiian sugar in 2017.<ref name="Ioffee"/>{{efn|The last sugar mill on Maui closed in December 2016. Its final product, {{convert|30000|lb|tonne}} was delivered to Crockett aboard the ship ''Moku Pahu'' on January 17, 2017.<ref name="Ioffee">[http://www.eastbaytimes.com/2017/01/19/crockett-last-hawaiian-sugar-ship-bids-historic-farewell/ Ioffee, Karina. "Last Hawaiian sugar ship bids historic farewell." ''East Bay Times''. January 20, 2017.] Accessed July 16, 2017</ref>}}

Raw sugar now arrives from the globe's sun belt: Australia, the Philippines and Nicaragua, among other countries.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/18/us/the-c-h-sign.html|title = The C & H Sign|newspaper = The New York Times|date = September 18, 2011|last1 = Rafkin|first1 = Louise}}</ref>

===Wildfire (2019)===
A wildfire burned near Crockett on October 29, 2019, the same week as multiple wildfires in the region, e.g. Sonoma County's Kirkwood Fire, and a wildfire at the north end of the [[Carquinez Bridge]] in [[Vallejo, California]].  There is some suspicion that strong northerly wind then caused embers from the Vallejo fire to jump the strait and ignite brush fires southwest of Crockett, located in Contra Costa County at the opposite end of the Carquinez Bridge. The new fire, which was dubbed the Sky Fire, ignited about 9:30 AM and quickly generated so much dense smoke that authorities chose to close the Carquinez Bridge to all vehicular traffic in both directions. The CHP and county sheriff's office then began to evacuate residents from that side of the community. Emergency responders from other cities rushed to the aid of Crockett's own volunteer fire department to begin extinguishing the fire, which was reportedly 50 percent contained shortly after noon that day.  The Crockett evacuation order was cancelled and the Carquinez Bridge was reopened to traffic soon after.<ref name = "CBSTV">[https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2019/10/27/fires-vallejo-carquinez-oct27/ "Evacuation Orders Lifted in Crockett, I-80 Closed 5 Hours When Fires Burn Above Carquinez Strait." ''KPIX5 CBSTV.'' October 27, 2019.] Accessed November 2, 2019.</ref>