Editing Craighead County, Arkansas (section)

==History==
Craighead County was part of the territory claimed for [[France]] on April 9, 1682, by [[René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle]], who laid claim to all of the land drained by the [[Mississippi River]] and its tributaries. LaSalle's claim was named [[Louisiana]] in honor of [[Louis XIV of France|Louis XIV]], King of [[France]].

The [[Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762)]] was signed between France and [[Spain]] and ownership of the [[Louisiana]] territory west of the [[Mississippi River]] was transferred to the Spanish crown as a result of the [[Seven Years' War]] and Craighead County became a Spanish possession.

Spain controlled the territory encompassing the county until October 1, 1800, when [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] forced Spain to return the lost territories to France under the [[Third Treaty of San Ildefonso]]. Napoleon maintained grandiose plans to establish a vast French Empire in [[Louisiana]] but the [[Royal Navy]] prevented him from transferring troops or settlers to the acquired territories.

Fear was high in the [[United States]] that Napoleon would attempt to close the [[Mississippi River]] to [[American trade]]. President [[Thomas Jefferson]] inquired about purchasing an area near the mouth of the river to ensure that it would stay open to American goods. [[Napoleon]], needing money, offered to sell the [[United States]] the entire territory of Louisiana for $23,213,568.

The treaty was finalized in 1803 and the land that would become Craighead County became the possession of the [[United States]].

Craighead County remained in the [[Louisiana Territory]] until the State of Louisiana was admitted to the Union. At that time the territory that includes modern day Arkansas was attached to the [[Missouri Territory]].

In 1813, the area was included in a new political subdivision known as Arkansas County which was a political subdivision of the Arkansas District of the Territory of Missouri. In 1815 the county was further subdivided and [[Lawrence County, Arkansas|Lawrence County]] was formed with its seat at Davidsonville. This new county included most of what is now northern Arkansas. The modern Craighead county lay partially within Arkansas County and partially within Lawrence County.

Residents of the Missouri Territory soon began petitioning Congress for admission to the Union. Their request did not include the District of Arkansas and Arkansas residents petitioned for separate territorial status for their district. In 1819 the Arkansas Territory was formed.

In 1838, [[Poinsett County, Arkansas|Poinsett County]] was formed and included most of present-day Craighead County. This situation persisted until 1850 when residents of the area complained about the distance to the Poinsett County seat.

In 1858, State Senator [[William Atkinson Jones|William A. Jones]] campaign platform included a promise to seek the formation of a new county for the area. His election was successful and helped push legislation for the formation of the new county.

The new county was to be formed from lands taken from [[Greene County, Arkansas|Greene]], [[Mississippi County, Arkansas|Mississippi]], and Poinsett counties, and it was to be named "Crowley County" in honor of [[Crowley's Ridge]] which runs through the center of the county.

Senator [[Thomas Craighead (politician)|Thomas Craighead]] represented Mississippi County, and opposed the bill because the farmland it took from Mississippi County (commonly known as the Buffalo Island area) was a major source of property taxes for the county.

One day while Senator Craighead was away from the floor, Senator Jones amended the bill to change the county's name to "Craighead County". The Senate, thinking it was a compromise, approved the bill as amended; by the time Senator Craighead returned, the bill had already left the Senate, and he took no further action.

Craighead County was officially formed February 19, 1859; in gratitude, the citizens then named the main county seat Jonesboro, for Senator Jones. (Some sources say the name was actually proposed by Senator Craighead in a resolution.) Lake City, just across the St. Francis River from the Buffalo Island area, was added as a second county seat in 1883.

In the early 20th century, [[Clay County, Arkansas|Clay]], [[Greene County, Arkansas|Greene]], and Craighead counties had [[sundown town]] policies forbidding African Americans from living in the area.<ref>{{cite news|title=Backward Glances|first=A. W.|last=Neville|work=The Paris News|location=Paris, Texas|date=March 2, 1945|page=4|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29073821/|via=Newspapers.com|quote=On the survey from [[Bird's Point, Missouri|Bird's Point, Mo.]], to [[Jonesboro, Arkansas|Jonesboro, Ark.]], I had a Negro cook. As Negroes were not allowed to live in Clay, Greene and Craighead Counties, Ark., my cook was a curiosity to the children. The women used to bring the children to camp to see him.}}</ref>