Editing Cornville, Arizona (section)

==History==
The Cornville area, particularly above and below the Cornville Bridge on Oak Creek, was well settled by the [[Sinagua]].  The Sinagua had disappeared from the abandoned buildings at nearby [[Montezuma Castle National Monument]] by the early 15th century.  Some [[Hopi]] clans claim descent from these Sinagua.

The earliest recorded written history of the area finds it occupied by the [[Yavapai people]]. Spanish explorer [[Antonio de Espejo]] passed through what is now Cornville on May 7 or 8, 1583, on his way to what would later become [[Jerome, Arizona]].  The Yavapai were quite friendly with the explorers, apparently regarding them as supernatural or godlike.  Later expeditions over the next 25 years entered the region but with increasing hostility from the Native American peoples which may stem in part from the advent of the [[Apache]] and [[Navajo people]] in the region.  Failure to find mineral resources profitably extractable according to the standards of the day, and the distance from other Spanish settlements caused the Spaniards to cease exploration of the area.<ref>Byrkit, 1984, p. 1.</ref>

By the time [[Mountain man|mountain men]] began to arrive in the late 1820s and settlers began to arrive again in the 1860s the people of the Cornville area were a mixed community of Apache (Dil-ze'e) and Yavapai (Wipukepaya), though the Apache are thought to have been more numerous on the east side of the Verde River. The area that is now lower Oak Creek was more or less on the border of the area occupied by the Dil-ze'e Chein-chii-ii (or Red Rock Clan) and Yaa-go-gain (White Land Clan)<ref name="Ruland-Thorne, 1993. pp. 11-12">Ruland-Thorne, 1993. pp. 11–12.</ref>  The US army gathered the Yavapai and Apache people in the area and in 1875 removed them in a tragic and brutal march and exile to the [[San Carlos Reservation]] in Eastern Arizona,<ref name="Ruland-Thorne, 1993. pp. 11-12"/> but many Dilze'e remained in hiding in the Lower Oak Creek and adjoining White Hills area<ref>Simmons, 1983. p. 75.</ref>  As late as 1876, numerous Dil-ze'e still lived on or near Lower Oak Creek.<ref name="Dumas, 1975, p. 188">Dumas, 1975, p. 188.</ref>

Relations between settlers and indigenous peoples in the Verde Valley were essentially peaceful from that point on and with the rapid increase in settlers along Oak Creek, although there were "Indian scares" into the 1880s mostly in connection with conflicts elsewhere: In the words of settler W. A. Jordan, in about 1880 "The settlers were in no danger from this band of hunters [that he had just met between Clarkdale and Cornville], but they were so wrought up over the stories of massacres and murders that the Indians themselves were in the greatest danger."<ref name="Jordan, 1954, pp.101-102">Jordan, 1954, pp. 101–102.</ref> There was resistance among part though not all of the settler population to ending the prohibition on the return or the Dil-ze'e and Yavapai from San Carlos.  Most remaining or Dil-ze'e and Yavapai lost hope of abiding peacefully and unmolested amidst increasing numbers of settlers and left to join returnees from the San Carlos Reservation in nearby communities in [[Camp Verde, Arizona|Camp Verde]] and [[Clarkdale, Arizona|Clarkdale]].  They did continue for many years to hunt throughout the valley<ref name="Jordan, 1954, pp.101-102"/> and to gather food in traditional ways.<ref>Coder, Randall, Smith-Roca & Hines</ref>

The first settlers in the Lower [[Oak Creek Canyon|Oak Creek]] area were Captain Andrew Jackson, a retired [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] officer from Virginia, and his wife, Margaret, who arrived in the spring of 1876.<ref name="Dumas, 1975, p. 188"/> Several other families including the Dickinsons,<ref>Fain, 1954, p. 68.</ref> Munds,<ref>BLM Records On-line</ref> Copples, Pages,<ref>Page, 1954, p. 24.</ref> Mullhollands and Tiptons had followed by the autumn of that year or the spring of 1877.<ref>Lay, 1954, p. 67.</ref>  The settlers quickly built an irrigation ditch serving farms on the west side of Oak Creek.

As to the adoption of the name of "Cornville", "At a meeting of Verde Valley pioneers, one of them said it was the intention to name it Cohnville, for a family named Cohn that lived there. When the papers came back from Washington, they had read it Cornville, so the settlers accepted the name."—Letter, L.J. Putsch, early Forest Ranger.<ref>L.J. Putsch, quoted at {{cite web |url=http://jeff.scott.tripod.com/cornville.html |title=History and information about Cornville, Arizona |access-date=May 26, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061217083217/http://jeff.scott.tripod.com/cornville.html |archive-date=December 17, 2006 }} (accessed 5/25/07)</ref> However, there was no family name Cohn or Kohn in the Cornville area in 1880 according to the United States Census of 1880.<ref>US Federal census for Arizona, 1800</ref>  However, there was a Mr. Cone who together with his partner a Mr. Houghton had purchased a proved homestead in what is now Page Springs from Benjamin Coppel in 1878, farmed a year and then rented the property to a family from Arkansas.  Both Mr. Cone and Mr. Houghton sold their interests in the ranch to James Page in about 1880.<ref>Godard et al., 1954, p. 24.</ref> Another theory of the origin of the name of "Cornville" for the town can be deduced from an early settler, James Dunning Tewksbury, who was born in [[Cornville, Maine]] in 1823. The Tewksburys were involved in the [[Pleasant Valley War]], a [[range war]] in the area now known as [[Young, Arizona]].

The Cornville post office was established May 11, 1887, and Samuel Dickinson was postmaster until 1907. It is likely that he applied for the name "Cornville".<ref>Fain, 1954, p. 68</ref>  With the [[Great Depression]] and a decline in profits from cattle ranching, much of Cornville was reduced to subsistence or near subsistence agriculture in the first half of the 20th century. Some families ranched the surrounding grazing lands while others went to work in the mines and smelters of Jerome, Clarkdale, and Cottonwood.  The town remained almost entirely agricultural until the late 1960s, when numbers of retirees and residents who commuted to work in nearby towns began to increase dramatically.

The community of Verde Santa Fe was founded in 1995. It is a home golf-course community in Cornville, along [[Arizona State Route 89A|State Route 89A]], between Cottonwood and Sedona. The community consists of nearly 1,000 homes in 10 subdivisions.<ref>{{cite web|title=High Desert Golf at Verde Santa Fe Golf Club|url=http://www.verdesantafe.com/course.html|publisher=Verde Santa Fe Golf Club|access-date=February 13, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Welcome|url=http://www.vsfneighbors.com|publisher=Verde Santa Fe Homeowners Association|year=2006|access-date=February 15, 2013}}</ref>