Editing Cornet (section)

==History==
The cornet was derived from the [[posthorn]] by applying [[Brass instrument valve|valves]] to it in the 1820s.<ref name="NPDM">{{cite book | title=The New Penguin Dictionary of Music | page=195 | author=Griffiths, Paul | location=London | publisher=Penguin Books | year=2006 | isbn=0-141-00925-X }}</ref> Initially using Stölzel valves, by the 1830s, Parisian makers were using the improved Périnet [[piston valve]]s.<ref>Anthony C. Baines and Arnold Myers, "Cornet (i)", ''The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians'', second edition, edited by [[Stanley Sadie]] and [[John Tyrrell (musicologist)|John Tyrrell]] (London: Macmillan Publishers, 2001).</ref> Cornets first appeared as separate instrumental parts in 19th-century French compositions.<ref name="EB2">''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', Micropedia, Volume III, William Benton, Chicago Illinois, 1974, p. 156</ref>

The instrument could not have been developed without the improvement of piston valves by [[Silesia]]n horn players [[Friedrich Blühmel]] (or Blümel) and [[Heinrich Stölzel]], in the early 19th century. These two instrument makers almost simultaneously invented valves, though it is likely that Blühmel was the inventor, while Stölzel developed a practical instrument.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article156437733 |title=Band Series No. 7 |newspaper=[[Mudgee Guardian and North-western Representative]] |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=3 November 1952 |access-date=25 May 2016 |page=8 |via=National Library of Australia }}</ref> They were jointly granted a patent for a period of ten years. [[François Périnet]] received a patent in 1838 for an improved valve, which became the model for modern brass instrument piston valves.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.public.asu.edu/~jqerics/earlval.htm |title=Early Valve Designs |website=www.public.asu.edu |access-date=2 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180502152054/http://www.public.asu.edu/~jqerics/earlval.htm |archive-date=2 May 2018 }}</ref> The first notable virtuoso player was [[Jean-Baptiste Arban]], who studied the cornet extensively and published {{Lang|fr|La grande méthode complète de cornet à piston et de saxhorn}}, commonly referred to as the ''[[Arban method]]'', in 1864.<ref>''Method for Trumpet'', Jean-Baptiste Arban, Carl Fisher & Co, NY, NY 1982</ref> Up until the early 20th century, the trumpet and cornet co-existed in musical ensembles; symphonic repertoire often involves separate parts for trumpet and cornet. As several instrument builders made improvements to both instruments, they started to look and sound more alike. The modern-day cornet is used in [[Brass band (British style)|brass band]]s, [[concert band]]s, and in specific [[orchestra]]l repertoire that requires a more mellow sound.<ref name="American">''The American History and Encyclopedia of Music'', W.C. Hubbard (ed.), "Musical Instruments", George W. Andrews, Irving Square, NY, NY, 1924</ref>

The name "cornet" derives from the French ''corne'', meaning "horn", itself from Latin {{Lang|la|cornu}}. While not musically related, instruments of the [[cornett|Zink]] family (which includes [[Serpent (musical instrument)|serpents]]) are named "cornetto" or "cornett" in modern English, to distinguish them from the valved cornet described here. The 11th edition of the ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'' referred to serpents as "old wooden cornets".<ref name="EB1">{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle= Serpent |volume=24 |last=Schlesinger |first=Kathleen |author-link=Kathleen Schlesinger |page=675 |short=1}}</ref> The Roman/Etruscan [[Cornu (horn)|cornu]] (or simply "horn") is the lingual ancestor of these. It is a predecessor of the [[post horn]], from which the cornet evolved, and was used like a [[bugle]] to signal orders on the battlefield.<ref name="American"/>