Editing Contemporary art (section)

==Scope==
The classification of "contemporary art" as a special type of art, rather than a general adjectival phrase, goes back to the beginnings of [[Modernism]] in the English-speaking world. In [[London]], the [[Contemporary Art Society]] was founded in 1910 by the critic [[Roger Fry]] and others, as a private society for buying works of art to place in public museums.<ref>[[Roger Fry|Fry Roger]], Ed. Craufurd D. Goodwin, ''Art and the Market: Roger Fry on Commerce in Art'', 1999, University of Michigan Press, {{ISBN|0472109022}}, 9780472109029, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Zb8hTlHZOb0C&pg=PA57 google books]</ref> A number of other institutions using the term were founded in the 1930s, such as in 1938 the [[Contemporary Art Centre of South Australia|Contemporary Art Society]] of [[Adelaide]], [[Australia]],<ref>Also the Contemporary Arts Society of [[Montreal]], 1939–1948</ref> and an increasing number after 1945.<ref>Smith, 257–258</ref> Many, like the [[Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston]] changed their names from ones using "modern art" in this period, as Modernism became defined as a historical [[art movement]], and much "modern" art ceased to be "contemporary". The definition of what is contemporary is naturally always on the move, anchored in the present with a start date that moves forward, and the works the Contemporary Art Society bought in 1910 could no longer be described as contemporary.{{cn|reason=statement needs to be sourced for verification per WP:V|date=June 2024}}

Particular points that have been seen as marking a change in art styles include the end of World War II and the 1960s. There has perhaps been a lack of natural break points since the 1960s, and definitions of what constitutes "contemporary art" in the 2010s vary, and are mostly imprecise. Art from the past 20 years is very likely to be included, and definitions often include art going back to about 1970;<ref>Some definitions: "Art21 defines contemporary art as the work of artists who are living in the twenty-first century." [http://www.art21.org/teach/on-contemporary-art/contemporary-art-in-context Art21] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420091351/http://www.art21.org/teach/on-contemporary-art/contemporary-art-in-context |date=2016-04-20 }}</ref> "the art of the late 20th and early 21st century";<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/contemporary+art|title=Contemporary art - Define Contemporary art at Dictionary.com|website=Dictionary.com|access-date=2013-04-25|archive-date=2015-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150922070337/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/contemporary+art|url-status=live}}</ref> "both an outgrowth and a rejection of modern art";<ref>{{cite web|url=http://education.yahoo.com/reference/encyclopedia/entry/cntmpryart|title=Yahoo|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130720124418/http://education.yahoo.com/reference/encyclopedia/entry/cntmpryart|archive-date=2013-07-20}}</ref> "Strictly speaking, the term 'contemporary art' refers to art made and produced by artists living today";<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/education/teachers/classroom_resources/curricula/contemporary_art/background1.html|title=About Contemporary Art (Education at the Getty)|access-date=2013-04-25|archive-date=2016-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809000143/http://www.getty.edu/education/teachers/classroom_resources/curricula/contemporary_art/background1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> "Art from the 1960s or [19]70s up until this very minute";<ref>{{cite web|url=http://arthistory.about.com/od/current_contemporary_art/f/what_is.htm|title=What is Contemporary Art?|author=Shelley Esaak|website=About.com Education|access-date=2013-04-23|archive-date=2013-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130414083035/http://arthistory.about.com/od/current_contemporary_art/f/what_is.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> and sometimes further, especially in museum contexts, as museums which form a permanent collection of contemporary art inevitably find this aging. Many use the formulation "Modern and Contemporary Art", which avoids this problem.<ref>Examples of specializing museums include the [[Strasbourg Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art]] and [[Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art of Trento and Rovereto]]. The ''Oxford Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Art'' is one of many book titles to use the phrase.</ref> Smaller commercial galleries, magazines and other sources may use stricter definitions, perhaps restricting the "contemporary" to work from 2000 onwards. Artists who are still productive after a long career, and ongoing [[art movement]]s, may present a particular issue; galleries and critics are often reluctant to divide their work between the contemporary and non-contemporary.{{Citation needed|date=February 2018}}

Sociologist Nathalie Heinich draws a distinction between modern and contemporary art, describing them as two different paradigms which partially overlap historically. She found that while "[[modern art]]" challenges the conventions of [[Representation (arts)|representation]], "contemporary art" challenges the very notion of an [[artwork]].<ref>Heinich, Nathalie, Ed. Gallimard, ''Le paradigme de l'art contemporain : Structures d'une révolution artistique '', 2014, {{ISBN|2070139239}}, 9782070139231, [https://books.google.com/books?id=vIQICgAAQBAJ google books] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230403012218/https://books.google.com/books?id=vIQICgAAQBAJ |date=2023-04-03 }}</ref> She regards [[Marcel Duchamp|Duchamp]]'s ''[[Marcel Duchamp's Fountain|Fountain]]'' (which was made in the 1910s in the midst of the triumph of modern art) as the starting point of contemporary art, which gained momentum after [[World War II]] with [[Gutai group|Gutai]]'s performances, [[Yves Klein]]'s monochromes and [[Robert Rauschenberg|Rauschenberg]]'s ''[[Erased de Kooning Drawing]]''.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhclwyYYbtY Nathalie Heinich lecture "Contemporary art: an artistic revolution ?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190910230140/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhclwyYYbtY&gl=US&hl=en |date=2019-09-10 }} at 'Agora des savoirs' 21st edition, 6 May 2015.</ref>