Editing Conrad Celtes (section)

==Life==
Born at [[Wipfeld]], near [[Schweinfurt]] (present-day [[Lower Franconia]]) under his original name '''Konrad Bickel''' or '''Pyckell''' (modern spelling '''Pickel'''), Celtes left home to avoid being set to his father's trade of [[vintner]], and pursued his studies at the [[University of Cologne]] (1477–1479; B.A., 1479) and at the [[University of Heidelberg]] (M.A., 1485). While at Heidelberg, he received patronage and instruction from [[Johann von Dalberg|Dalberg]] and [[Rodolphus Agricola|Agricola]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} As customary in those days for humanists, he [[Latinisation of names|Latinized]] his name, to Conradus Celtis. For some time he delivered humanist lectures during his travels to [[Erfurt]], [[Rostock]] and [[Leipzig]]. His first work was titled ''Ars versificandi et carminum'' (The Art of Writing Verses and Poems, 1486). He further undertook lecture tours to Rome, Florence, [[Bologna]] and Venice.

The elector [[Frederick III, Elector of Saxony|Frederick of Saxony]] approached the emperor [[Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick III]], who named Conrad Celtes ''[[Poet Laureate]]'' (Honored Poet) upon his return. At this great imperial ceremonial gathering in [[Nuremberg]],{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} Celtes was at the same time presented with a [[doctoral degree]]. Celtes again made a lecturing tour throughout the empire.

In 1489–1491, he stayed in [[Kraków]] where he studied mathematics, astronomy and the natural sciences at the [[Jagiellonian University]] (at which he enrolled in 1489),<ref>Harold B. Segel, ''Renaissance Culture in Poland: The Rise of Humanism, 1470-1543'', Cornell University Press, 1989, pp. 86 and 92.</ref> and befriended many other humanists such as [[Lorenz Rabe]] and [[Bonacursius]]. He also founded a learned society, based on the [[Roman academies]]. The local branch of the society was called ''[[Sodalitas Litterarum Vistulana]]'' (the "Literary Society on the Vistula River").

In 1490 he once again went through [[Breslau]] ([[Wrocław]]) to [[Prague]], capital of the [[Kingdom of Bohemia]]. [[Hartmann Schedel]] used Celtis' descriptions of Breslau in the ''Schedelsche Weltchronik'' ([[Nuremberg Chronicle]]). In Hungary, Celtis formed the ''[[Sodalitas Litterarum Hungaria]]'' ("Hungarian Literary Society"), later as ''[[Sodalitas Litterarum Danubiana]]'' to be based in [[Vienna]]. He made stops at [[Regensburg]], [[Passau]] and [[Nuremberg]] (and probably [[Mainz]]). At Heidelberg he founded the ''[[Sodalitas Litterarum Rhenana]]'' ("Rhineland Literary Society"). Later he went to [[Lübeck]] and [[Ingolstadt]].  At Ingolstadt, in 1492, he delivered his famous speech to the students there, in which he called on Germans to rival Italians in learning and letters. This would later become an extremely popular address in sixteenth-century German nationalistic sentiment.

In 1494, Celtes rediscovered Hrosvitha's works written in Latin in the monastery of St. Emmeram in Regensburg.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hrotsvit of Gandersheim – Martha Carlin|url=https://sites.uwm.edu/carlin/hrotsvit-of-gandersheim/|access-date=2021-01-26|language=en-US}}</ref> His friend [[Willibald Pirckheimer|Willibald Pickheimer]] introduce him to Abbess [[Caritas Pirckheimer|Caritas Pickheimer]]. He wrote her in Latin and called her the "new [[Hrotsvitha]]".<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42004382|title=A history of women's writing in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland|date=2000|publisher=Cambridge University Press|last=Catling|first=Jo|isbn=0-521-44482-9|location=Cambridge|oclc=42004382}}</ref>

While the plague ravaged Ingolstadt, Celtes taught at Heidelberg. By now he was a professor. In 1497 Celtes was called to Vienna by the emperor [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I]], who honored him as ''teacher of the art of poetry and conversation'' with an imperial ''Privilegium'', the first of its kind. There he lectured on the works of classical writers and in 1502 founded the  ''Collegium Poetarum'', a college for poets.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} His invitation to Vienna came about greatly at the influence of his friend and fellow scholar [[Johannes Cuspinian]].

Celtes died in Vienna a few years later of [[syphilis]].<ref>Laurens 2004, p. 405</ref>

According to Richard Unger, Celtes was a large scale book thief who walked around episcopal palaces and monastic libraries stealing books for his emperor and himself.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Unger |first1=Richard |title=Cartography in Antiquity and the Middle Ages: Fresh Perspectives, New Methods |date=31 August 2008 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-474-4319-3 |page=119 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TO95DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA119 |access-date=7 November 2021 |language=en}}</ref> He justified his behaviours on the basis of patriotic intentions, claiming that he only wanted to protect German patrimony from "damaging weather, dust, mold... insects", as well as Italians. Emily Abu writes that Celtis, [[Konrad Peutinger|Peutinger]] and their emperor took particular interest in cultural legacies that could provide connection between their German Roman Empire and the ancient Roman imperium. In the case of the Peutinger map (mentioned below), both Celtis and Peutinger made sure that any record of where Celtis found it as well as clues to the map's first three centuries were erased.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Albu |first1=Emily |title=The Medieval Peutinger Map |date=29 August 2014 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-05942-9 |pages=13, 14 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m143BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA13 |access-date=6 January 2022 |language=en}}</ref>