Editing Conjunto (section)

== Mexican ==
'''Mexican conjunto music''', also known as '''''conjunto tejano''''', was born in south [[Texas]] at the end of the 19th century, after [[German Texan|German]] settlers introduced the [[button accordion]]. The ''[[bajo sexto]]'' has come to accompany the button accordion and is integral to the ''conjunto'' sound. Many ''conjuntos'' are concentrated in the Southwestern portion of the [[United States]], primarily in [[Texas]] and [[California]]. In Mexico, the term ''conjunto'' is associated with ''[[Norteño (music)|norteño]]'' and ''tejano'' music. Since ''tejano'' was bred out of ''norteño'' music originally, this association is not entirely false. However, due to various cultural and socioeconomic developments in the 1900s, ''norteño'' musicians began trailblazing the ''tejano'' genre as a tangent to ''conjunto''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ragland |first=Cathy |title=[[Música Norteña: Mexican Migrants Creating a Nation between Nations]] |year=2009 |publisher=[[Temple University Press]] |location=Philadelphia |isbn=978-1-59213-746-6}}</ref>

In the United States and Mexico, a ''conjunto'' band is composed of four main instruments: the button accordion, the ''bajo sexto'', an [[electric bass]], and a [[drum set]]. They are popular in northern Mexico and southern Texas. German and East European settlers brought their accordions, [[waltz]]es and [[polka]]s to the region, which were adapted by the local population.<ref name=Torres>Torres, George. ''Encyclopedia of Latin American Popular Music''. 2013.</ref> Texas accordion player [[Flaco Jiménez]] is probably the best-known conjunto musician in the United States, with a career spanning sixty years and earning him six Grammy awards. ''[[Chulas Fronteras]]'' is a documentary film from the 1970s which illustrates how the music meshed into the lives of families in south Texas and northern Mexico.{{fact|date=January 2023}}

===Conjunto festivals in the United States===

The Tejano-Conjunto Festival in San Antonio began in 1982 and is presented by the [[Guadalupe Cultural Arts Center]], a San Antonio-based nonprofit organization. It is held each May in Rosedale Park in San Antonio.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tejano Conjunto Festival 2024 |url=https://guadalupeculturalarts.org/tejano-conjunto-festival/ |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=guadalupeculturalarts.org}}</ref>

The Rancho Alegre Conjunto Music Festival in Austin began in 2012<ref>{{Cite web |last=admin-ranchoalegre |date=2018-02-26 |title=Rancho Alegre Conjunto Festival History |url=https://ranchoalegre.org/festival/history |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=Rancho Alegre}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Flores |first=Nancy |title=Accordion-heavy conjunto music is focus of 3-day fest |url=https://www.statesman.com/story/entertainment/music/2012/01/30/accordion-heavy-conjunto-music-is/6661812007/ |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=Austin American-Statesman |language=en-US}}</ref> and is presented by Austin-based Rancho Alegre, a nonprofit organization dedicated to preserving and promoting Conjunto music.<ref>{{Cite web |last=admin-ranchoalegre |date=2013-09-01 |title=About Us |url=https://ranchoalegre.org/about-us |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=Rancho Alegre}}</ref> 

The Narciso Martinez Conjunto Festival in the Rio Grande Valley began in 1993<ref>{{Cite web |title=Conjunto Festival |url=https://www.narcisomartinezcac.org/conjunto-festival/ |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=nmcac |language=en-US}}</ref> and is presented every fall by the Narciso Martinez Cultural Arts Center, a San-Benito-based nonprofit organization.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About The Narciso Martinez Cultural Arts Center |url=https://www.narcisomartinezcac.org/about-the-center/ |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=nmcac |language=en-US}}</ref>
===Other types of Mexican conjunto===
====Jarocho====
A '''''conjunto jarocho''''' is a type of [[Mexican people|Mexican]] folk ensemble. Often it consists of ''[[requinto de son jarocho|requinto]]'', ''[[arpa jarocha]]'', ''[[jarana de son jarocho|jarana]]'' and ''leona'', but can also have violin, ''[[pandero octagonal]]'', ''[[Jawbone (instrument)|quijada]]'', ''[[marimbol]]'' or ''[[güiro]]''. Its repertory covers ''[[Son Jarocho|sones jarochos]]'' in {{music|time|3|4}}, {{music|time|6|8}} and {{music|time|4|4}}.

====Huasteco====
A '''''conjunto huasteco''''' is a type of [[Mexican people|Mexican]] folk ensemble. Often it consists of ''[[huapanguera|guitarra huapanguera]]'', ''[[jarana huasteca]]'' and violin, but can also have other violins and guitars. Its repertory covers ''[[Son Huasteco|sones huastecos]]'' in {{music|time|3|4}} and {{music|time|6|8}}, and ''rancheras''.

====Arpa grande====
A '''''conjunto de arpa grande''''' is a type of [[Mexican people|Mexican]] folk ensemble. Often it consists of diatonic [[harp]], [[Mexican vihuela]], guitar and two violins. Its repertory covers ''planeco'' music: ''sones planecos'' in {{music|time|3|4}} and {{music|time|6|8}}, and ''rancheras''.

====Calentano====
A '''''conjunto calentano''''' is a type of [[Mexican people|Mexican]] folk ensemble. Often it consists of violin, guitar and [[tamborita calentana|tamborita]], but can also have other violin, [[guitarra panzona]], [[guitarra sexta]] and [[harp]]. Its repertory covers calentano music: [[son calentano|sones calentanos]] and gustos, and other [[musical forms]] such as Indias, malagueñas, peteneras, valses, polkas, pasos dobles, sones, chilenas, minuets, rancheras, and [[corrido]]s.