Editing Conciliation (section)

== Conciliation process ==
The conciliation process begins when both parties agree to engage in it as a method of resolving a dispute.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Peters |first=Edward |date=1958 |title=The Mediator: A Neutral, a Catalyst or a Leader |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/labljo9&div=104&id=&page= |journal=Labor Law Journal |volume=9 |pages=764}}</ref> There are multiple uses for this form of alternative dispute resolution including transnational intellectual property,<ref name=":2" /> legislative assemblies,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Franchino |first1=Fabio |last2=Mariotto |first2=Camilla |date=2012-12-21 |title=Explaining negotiations in the conciliation committee |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465116512468216 |journal=European Union Politics |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=345–365 |doi=10.1177/1465116512468216 |hdl=2434/175428 |issn=1465-1165|hdl-access=free }}</ref>  peace efforts,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Tiller |first1=Stian Johansen |last2=Waage |first2=Hilde Henriksen |date=2011 |title=Powerful State, Powerless Mediator: The United States and the Peace Efforts of the Palestine Conciliation Commission, 1949–51 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2011.595245 |journal=The International History Review |volume=33 |issue=3 |pages=501–524 |doi=10.1080/07075332.2011.595245 |issn=0707-5332}}</ref> and other areas of community concern.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Conn |first1=Stephen |last2=Hippler |first2=Arthur E. |date=1974–1975 |title=Conciliation and Arbitration in the Native Village and the Urban Ghetto |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/judica58&div=46&id=&page= |journal=Judicature |volume=58 |pages=228}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gentle |first=Terry W. Jr |date=1999–2000 |title=Rethinking Conciliation under the Fair Housing Act |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/tenn67&div=17&id=&page= |journal=Tennessee Law Review |volume=67 |pages=425}}</ref> This can be either part of an outline contract that was handled before the dispute arose<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mason |first=Anthony |date=1998 |title=Mediation and Art Disputes |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/artniqul3&div=9&id=&page= |journal=Art Antiquity and Law |volume=3 |pages=31}}</ref> or after a dispute arises.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chalmers |first=W. Ellison |date=1948 |title=The Conciliation Process |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979394800100301 |journal=ILR Review |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=337–350 |doi=10.1177/001979394800100301 |issn=0019-7939}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wenying |first=Wang |date=2005 |title=The Role of Conciliation in Resolving Disputes: A P.R.C. Perspective |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/ohjdpr20&div=22&id=&page= |journal=Ohio State Journal on Dispute Resolution |volume=20 |pages=421}}</ref> Conciliation is a preferred method of dispute resolution compared to litigation or binding arbitration.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Han |first=Zheng |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9781843341536500075 |title=Managing Foreign Research and Development in the People's Republic of China |publisher=Elsevier |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-84334-153-6 |editor-last=Rowley |editor-first=Chris |pages=117–166 |language=en |chapter=Managing intellectual property rights |doi=10.1016/b978-1-84334-153-6.50007-5 |access-date=2024-09-17}}</ref> They select a conciliator by mutual consent<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mohanty |first=Pragnya Paramita |date=2023 |title=Nature of Conciliation Process and Conciliator's Duties and Power |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/injlolw10&div=276&id=&page= |journal=Indian Journal of Law and Legal Research |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=1}}</ref> or through an appointing institution.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Annandale |first=Christopher |date=1993 |title=Make Way for the Conciliator |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/intfinr12&div=29&id=&page= |journal=International Financial Law Review |volume=12 |pages=30}}</ref> The conciliator then gathers information to understand the concerns and objectives of each side.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Irvin |first=James |date=1969-01-01 |title=The Role of Law in the Negotiated Settlement of International Disputes |url=https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/vjtl/vol3/iss1/8/ |journal=Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=58}}</ref> The conciliator helps the parties move toward a resolution.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Coe |first=Jack J. Jr |date=2005 |title=Toward a Complementary Use of Conciliation in Investor-State Disputes - A Preliminary Sketch |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/ucdl12&div=7&id=&page= |journal=U.C. Davis Journal of International Law & Policy |volume=12 |pages=7}}</ref> In issues of international law this may include [[shuttle diplomacy]].<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite book |title=Flexibility in international dispute settlement: conciliation revisited |date=2020 |publisher=Brill Nijhoff |isbn=978-90-04-43311-3 |editor-last=Tomuschat |editor-first=Christian |location=Leiden Boston |editor-last2=Kohen |editor-first2=Marcelo G.}}</ref> 

Most successful "conciliators" are usually highly skilled negotiators.<ref name=":0" /> Some conciliators operate under the auspices of any one of several non-governmental entities,<ref>{{Cite book |last1=van der Linde |first1=Ada |title=Building Sustainable Peace: Conflict, Conciliation, and Civil Society in Northern Ghana |last2=Naylor |first2=Rachel |date=2001 |publisher=Oxfam |isbn=978-0-85598-423-6 |edition=2. Aufl |location=Oxford (UK)}}</ref> or for governmental agencies such as the [[Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service (United States)|Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service]] in the United States.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mareschal |first=Patrice M. |date=1998 |title=Insights from the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734371x9801800405 |journal=Review of Public Personnel Administration |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=55–67 |doi=10.1177/0734371x9801800405 |hdl=11244/25129 |issn=0734-371X|hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Strimling |first=Andrea |date=2002 |title=The Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service: A Partner in International Conflict Prevention |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/pepds2&div=24&id=&page= |journal=Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal |volume=2 |pages=417}}</ref>