Editing Computational linguistics (section)

==Origins==
The field overlapped with [[artificial intelligence]] since the efforts in the United States in the 1950s to use computers to automatically translate texts from foreign languages, particularly Russian scientific journals, into English.<ref>John Hutchins: [http://www.hutchinsweb.me.uk/MTS-1999.pdf Retrospect and prospect in computer-based translation.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080414141215/http://www.hutchinsweb.me.uk/MTS-1999.pdf |date=2008-04-14 }} Proceedings of MT Summit VII, 1999, pp. 30–44.</ref> Since rule-based approaches were able to make [[arithmetic]] (systematic) calculations much faster and more accurately than humans, it was expected that [[lexicon]], [[morphology (linguistics)|morphology]], [[syntax]] and [[semantics]] can be learned using explicit rules, as well. After the [[AI winter|failure of rule-based approaches]], [[David G. Hays|David Hays]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nlp.shef.ac.uk/iccl/committee.html#deceased|title=Deceased members|website=ICCL members|access-date=15 November 2017|ref=ICCLmembers|archive-date=17 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517235543/http://nlp.shef.ac.uk/iccl/committee.html#deceased|url-status=dead}}</ref> coined the term in order to distinguish the field from AI and co-founded both the [[Association for Computational Linguistics|Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)]] and the [[International Committee on Computational Linguistics]] (ICCL) in the 1970s and 1980s. What started as an effort to translate between languages evolved into a much wider field of [[natural language processing]].<ref>[http://www-nlpir.nist.gov/MINDS/FINAL/NLP.web.pdf Natural Language Processing by Liz Liddy, Eduard Hovy, Jimmy Lin, John Prager, Dragomir Radev, Lucy Vanderwende, Ralph Weischedel]</ref><ref>Arnold B. Barach: [https://www.flickr.com/photos/bostworld/2152048032/in/set-72157603898383698/ Translating Machine] 1975: And the Changes To Come.</ref>