Editing Community management (section)

==Common pool problem==<!--This section incorporated marged material from "Common pool problem", which redirects here, so careful when changing headers-->
{{see also|Tragedy of the commons}}
Without proper management, a community's material resources may be depleted or rendered unusable.<ref>Camille Antinori and Gustavo A. Garcia-Lopez ''[http://are.berkeley.edu/~antinori/AntGarV5.pdf Cross-Scale Linkages in Common-Pool Resource Management: The Evolution of Forest Associations in the Mexican Forest Commons] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308084546/http://are.berkeley.edu/~antinori/AntGarV5.pdf |date=2012-03-08 }}''. Prepared for the 12th IASC 2008 Biennial Conference, University of Gloucester, Cheltenham, England, U.K.</ref> The '''common pool problem''' is an economic situation which exists when goods are rival, but non-exclusive (See [[common-pool resource]]). Since these resources are owned in common, individuals have no private incentive to preserve them, but rather will seek to exploit them before others can derive benefit. The classic example is of fish in the ocean; anybody can harvest fish, but a fish that has been caught cannot be caught by another fisherman. Therefore, fishermen will seek to maximize their personal profit by catching as many fish as possible, which will ultimately lead to the stock being depleted. It is similar to the [[free rider problem]] in that those who do not contribute to the resource may use it without penalty, but the common pool problem is usually considered an economic "problem" since it will eventually lead to the exhausting of a resource.<ref>Holahan, William L., Schug, Mark C.; ''Conservation of resources and the common pool problem''; Social Studies; Nov/Dec97, Vol. 88 Issue 6, p264, 4p, 1 chart; [http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=9712232994&site=ehost-live]</ref>{{Additional citation needed|date=February 2018}} Another example of the common pool problem involves the shared use of limited internet [[Bandwidth (computing)|bandwidth]], such as in a [[university network]], when the connectivity of all users is slowed by the heavy usage of a few.{{citation needed|date=February 2018}}

[[Elinor Ostrom]] and [[Oliver E. Williamson]] won the 2009 [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences|Nobel prize in economic science]] for work in this area, where they suggested that with good community management of shared resources, as found in successful firms, the "tragedy of the commons" can be avoided.<ref>{{cite web
|url= http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/f928f23a-b75f-11de-9812-00144feab49a.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/f928f23a-b75f-11de-9812-00144feab49a.html |archive-date=2022-12-10 |url-access=subscription
|title= Nobel insights
|publisher= [[The Financial Times]]
|author= Editorial
|date = 2009-10-12
|accessdate=2010-09-12}}  
</ref>