Editing Colloquialism (section)

==Definition==
Colloquialism is distinct from [[public speaking|formal speech]] or [[formal writing]].<ref name="colloquial">colloquial. (n.d.) Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1). Retrieved September 10, 2008, from [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/colloquial Dictionary.com]</ref> It is the form of language that speakers typically use when they are relaxed and disregarding diction.<ref name="Trask">{{cite book|last=Trask|first=Robert|title=Key Concepts in Language and Linguistics|year=1999|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-415-15742-1|pages=[https://archive.org/details/keyconceptsinlan0000tras/page/27 27–28]|url=https://archive.org/details/keyconceptsinlan0000tras/page/27}}</ref> An expression is labeled ''colloq.'' for "colloquial" in dictionaries when a different expression is preferred in formal usage, but this does not mean that the colloquial expression is necessarily [[slang]] or [[nonstandard dialect|non-standard]].

Some colloquial language contains a great deal of slang, but some contains no slang at all. Slang is often used in colloquial speech, but this particular register is restricted to particular in-groups, and it is not a necessary element of colloquialism.<ref name="Trask"/> Other examples of colloquial usage in English include [[contraction (grammar)|contraction]]s or [[profanity]].<ref name="Trask"/>

"Colloquial" should also be distinguished from "non-standard".<ref name=:pt>{{Cite book | last=Trudgill |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Trudgill |title = Sociolinguistics: An Introduction to Language and Society |date = 2000 |isbn = 9780141926308 |publisher = Penguin UK |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=X7Y7DYlQu8QC | pages=17 }}</ref> The difference between standard and non-standard is not necessarily connected to the difference between formal and colloquial.<ref>{{cite web|title=NGS|volume=17|pages=208–233|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8vYsAQAAIAAJ|year=1992|publisher=German Department, Hull University}}</ref> Formal, colloquial, and vulgar language are more a matter of [[style (sociolinguistics)|stylistic variation]] and [[diction]], rather than of the standard and non-standard dichotomy.<ref name=Trudgill>{{cite book |last=Trudgill |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Trudgill |year=1999 |chapter-url=http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/dick/SEtrudgill.htm |chapter=Standard English: what it isn't |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090321091659/http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/dick/SEtrudgill.htm |archive-date=21 March 2009 |editor-first=T. |editor-last=Bex |editor2-first=R.J. |editor2-last=Watts |title=Standard English: The Widening Debate |pages=117–128 |location=London |publisher=[[Routledge]]}}</ref><ref name=:pt/> The term "colloquial" is also equated with "non-standard" at times, in certain contexts and terminological conventions.<ref>{{cite book |author=Roger D. Hawkins |author2=Richard Towell|title=French Grammar and Usage|year =2010|isbn=9780340991244|publisher =Routledge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pZoDld8EIwUC|page=x}}</ref><ref name=ds>{{cite journal |journal = Colloquium: New Philologies |date = December 2016 |pages=4 | issn = 2520-3355 |volume = 1 |issue = 1 |doi = 10.23963/cnp.2016.1.1 | title= Exclusion Labels in Slavic Monolingual Dictionaries: Lexicographic Construal of Non-Standardness | first=Danko |last=Šipka |doi-access = free }}</ref>

In the [[philosophy of language]], "colloquial language" is ordinary [[natural language]], as distinct from specialized forms used in [[logic]] or other areas of philosophy.<ref>{{cite book|last=Davidson|first=Donald |editor=Peter Ludlow |title=Readings in the Philosophy of Language |year=1997 |publisher=MIT Press |isbn=978-0-262-62114-4 |pages=89–107 |chapter=Truth and meaning}}</ref> In the field of [[logical atomism]], meaning is evaluated in a different way than with more formal [[proposition]]s.