Editing College of William & Mary (section)

==History==
{{main|History of the College of William & Mary}}

===Colonial era (1693–1776)===
[[File:William and Mary.jpg|thumb|King [[William III of England|William III]] and Queen [[Mary II of England|Mary II]], the college's namesakes]]
[[File:35 JamesBlair1941-005-1-scaled.jpg|thumb|[[James Blair (clergyman)|James Blair]], founder of William & Mary]]
A school of higher education for both [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] young men and the sons of the colonists was one of the earliest goals of the leaders of the [[Colony of Virginia]]. The college was founded on February 8, 1693, under a royal charter to "make, found and establish a certain Place of Universal Study, a perpetual College of Divinity, Philosophy, Languages, and other good arts and sciences&nbsp;... to be supported and maintained, in all time coming."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://swem.wm.edu/departments/special-collections/exhibits/exhibits/charter/charter/ |title=Earl Gregg Swem Library Special Collections |publisher=Swem.wm.edu |access-date=September 26, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080919125611/http://www.swem.wm.edu/departments/special-collections/exhibits/exhibits/charter/charter/ |archive-date=September 19, 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> Named in honor of the reigning monarchs [[William III of England|King William III]] and [[Mary II of England|Queen Mary II]], the college is the second-oldest in the United States after [[Harvard University]] (1636). The original plans for the college date back to 1618 at [[Henricus|Henrico]] but were thwarted by the [[Indian massacre of 1622]], a change in government (in 1624, the Virginia Company's charter was revoked by King James I and the Virginia Colony was transferred to royal authority as a [[crown colony]]), events related to the [[English Civil War]], and [[Bacon's Rebellion]]. In 1695, before the town of Williamsburg existed, construction began on the College Building, now known as the Sir Christopher [[Wren Building]], in what was then called [[Middle Plantation (Virginia)|Middle Plantation]]. It is the oldest college building in America. The college is one of the country's nine [[Colonial Colleges]] founded before the [[American Revolution]]. The charter named [[James Blair (clergyman)|James Blair]] as the college's first president (a lifetime appointment which he held until he died in 1743). William & Mary was founded as an [[Anglican]] institution; students were required to be members of the [[Church of England]], and professors were required to declare adherence to the [[Thirty-Nine Articles]].<ref>Webster, Homer J. (1902) "Schools and Colleges in Colonial Times", ''The New England Magazine: An Illustrated Monthly'', v. XXVII, p. 374, [https://books.google.com/books?id=0d5-lMzq79wC&pg=PA373 Google Books entry]</ref>

In 1693, the college was [[University constituency|given a seat]] in the [[House of Burgesses]], and it was determined tobacco taxes and export duties on furs and animal skins would support the college. The college acquired a {{convert|330|acre|km2}} parcel for the new school,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://williamsburgpostcards.com/other/other14a.htm |title=The Silence of the Graves by Terry L. Meyers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020716161329/http://williamsburgpostcards.com/other/other14a.htm |archive-date=July 16, 2002|url-status=usurped}}</ref> {{convert|8|mi|km}} from Jamestown. In 1694, the new school opened in temporary buildings.

[[Williamsburg, Virginia|Williamsburg]] was granted a royal charter as a city in 1722 by [[the Crown]] and served as the capital of Colonial Virginia from 1699 to 1780. During this time, the college served as a law center, and lawmakers frequently used its buildings. It educated future U.S. Presidents [[Thomas Jefferson]], [[James Monroe]], and [[John Tyler]]. The college has been called "the Alma Mater of a Nation" because of its close ties to America's founding fathers and figures pivotal to the development and expansion of the United States. [[George Washington]], who received his surveyor's license through the college despite never attending, was the college's first American chancellor. William & Mary is famous for its firsts: the first U.S. institution with a royal charter, the first Greek-letter society ([[Phi Beta Kappa]], founded in 1776), the first collegiate society in the country ([[Flat Hat Club|F.H.C. Society]], founded in 1750), the first student honor code and the first collegiate [[William & Mary Law School|law school]] in America.{{efn|The independent [[Litchfield Law School]] in [[Litchfield, Connecticut]], began offering formal legal education five years before William & Mary.}}<ref>{{cite journal |last=Blondel-Libardi |first=Catherine R. |title=Rediscovering the Litchfield Law School Notebooks |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44369759 |journal=Connecticut History Review |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=70–82 |date=2007 |issn=0884-7177 |s2cid=254480254 |jstor=44369759 |doi=10.2307/44369759}}</ref>

===American Revolution===
{{see also|History of the College of William & Mary#Slavery and William & Mary}}
{{multiple image
| total_width       = 300
| image1            = Thomas Jefferson by Rembrandt Peale, 1800.jpg
| image2            = James Monroe White House portrait 1819.jpg
| footer            = U.S. presidents [[Thomas Jefferson]] and [[James Monroe]] were educated at William & Mary.
}}
During the [[American Revolution]], the [[Colony of Virginia]] established a freedom of religion, notably with the 1786 passage of the [[Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom]]. Future U.S. President [[James Madison]] was a key figure in the transition to religious freedom in Virginia, and [[James Madison (bishop)|Right Reverend James Madison]], his cousin and [[Thomas Jefferson]], who was on the [[Board of Visitors]], helped the College of William & Mary make the transition. In 1779, the college established graduate schools in law and medicine, making it one of the institutions that claimed to be the [[first university in the United States]]. As its president, Reverend Madison worked with the new leaders of Virginia, most notably Jefferson, on a reorganization and changes for the college which included the abolition of the Divinity School and the Indian School and the establishment of the first elective system of study and honor system.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.virginiavignettes.org/?p=21 |title=Virginia Vignettes » What Was the Brafferton School? |publisher=Virginiavignettes.org |date=August 2007 |access-date=September 26, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071111135556/http://www.virginiavignettes.org/?p=21 |archive-date=November 11, 2007}}</ref>

The College of William & Mary is home to the nation's first [[collegiate secret societies in North America|collegiate secret society]], the [[Flat Hat Club|F.H.C. Society]], popularly known as the [[Flat Hat Club]], founded on November 11, 1750. On December 5, 1776, students [[John Heath (politician)|John Heath]] and [[William Short (American ambassador)|William Short]] (class of 1779) founded [[Phi Beta Kappa]] as a secret literary and philosophical society. Other [[Secret societies at the College of William & Mary|secret societies]] known to exist at the college currently include: The [[Seven Society (College of William & Mary)|7 Society]], 13 Club, Alpha Club, [[Bishop James Madison Society]], The Society, The Spades, W Society, and [[Wren Society]].<ref>[http://www.dogstreetjournal.com/story/2049 "Shhh! The Secret Side to the College's Lesser Known Societies"]. ''The DoG Street Journal''. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928112053/http://www.dogstreetjournal.com/story/2049 |date=September 28, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Peeking Into Closed Societies – The Flat Hat |url=http://www.flathatnews.com/variety/2284/peeking-into-closed-societies |url-status=dead |access-date=January 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930180325/http://www.flathatnews.com/variety/2284/peeking-into-closed-societies |archive-date=September 30, 2011}}</ref>

[[Thomas R. Dew]], professor of history, metaphysics, and political economy, and then president of William & Mary from 1836 until he died in 1846, was an influential academic defender of slavery.<ref>{{cite book |last=Brophy |first=Alfred L. |title=University, Court, and Slave: Proslavery Thought in Southern Courts and Colleges and the Coming of Civil War |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-19-062593-1}}</ref>{{rp|21–47}}

In 1842, alumni of the college formed the Society of the Alumni<ref>{{cite web |last=Barnes, II |first=F. James  |url=http://alumni.wm.edu/history/index.shtml |title=William & Mary Alumni > History |publisher=Alumni.wm.edu |access-date=September 26, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080924094530/http://alumni.wm.edu/history/index.shtml |archive-date=September 24, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> which is now the sixth oldest alum organization in the United States. In 1859, a great fire destroyed the College Building. The [[Alumni House (College of William & Mary)|Alumni House]] is one of the few original antebellum structures remaining on [[Campus of the College of William & Mary|campus]]; notable others include the Wren Building, the [[President's House (College of William & Mary)|President's House]], the Brafferton, and Prince George House.

===American Civil War===
[[File:Wren 1859 william and mary.jpg|thumb|The College Building as it appeared from 1859–1862 with [[Italianate architecture|Italianate]] towers]]
At the outset of the [[American Civil War]] (1861–1865), enlistments in the [[Confederate States Army]] depleted the student body. On May 10, 1861, the faculty voted to close the college for the duration of the conflict. [[Charles A. Whittier|General Charles A. Whittier]] reported that "thirty-two out of thirty-five professors and instructors abandoned the college work and joined the army in the field".<ref>{{cite book|last=Gordon|first=John Brown|url=https://archive.org/details/reminiscencesci02gordgoog/page/n451/mode/1up|title=Reminiscences of the Civil War|publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons|year=1903|location=New York|pages=422}}</ref> The [[Wren Building|College Building]] was used as a Confederate barracks and later as a hospital, first by Confederate, and later Union forces. The [[Battle of Williamsburg]] was fought nearby during the [[Peninsula Campaign]] on May 5, 1862. The following day, on May 6, 1863, Williamsburg was captured by the [[Union army]]. The [[Brafferton (building)|Brafferton building of the college]] was used for a time as quarters for the commanding officer of the Union garrison occupying the town. On September 9, 1862, drunken soldiers of the [[5th Pennsylvania Cavalry]] set fire to the College Building,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wm.edu/vitalfacts/nineteenth2.php |title=1850–1899 {{pipe}} Historical Facts |work=Historical Chronology of William and Mary |publisher=Wm.edu |access-date=September 26, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704205939/http://www.wm.edu/vitalfacts/nineteenth2.php |archive-date=July 4, 2008}}</ref> purportedly in an attempt to prevent Confederate snipers from using it for cover.{{Primary source inline|date=May 2022}}

===Late 19th century===
Following the restoration of the Union, Virginia was destitute. The college's 16th president, [[Benjamin Stoddert Ewell]], finally reopened the school in 1869 using his funds, but the college closed again in 1882 due to insufficient funding. In 1888, William & Mary resumed operations under an amended charter when the [[Commonwealth of Virginia]] passed an act<ref>{{cite web |url=http://swem.wm.edu/departments/special-collections/exhibits/exhibits/charter/normal/ |title=Earl Gregg Swem Library Special Collections |publisher=Swem.wm.edu |access-date=September 26, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011191341/http://swem.wm.edu/departments/special-collections/exhibits/exhibits/charter/normal |archive-date=October 11, 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> appropriating $10,000 to support the college as a teacher-training institution. [[Lyon Gardiner Tyler]], son of US President and alumnus [[John Tyler]], became the 17th president of the college following Ewell's retirement. Tyler and his successor [[J. A. C. Chandler]] expanded the college. 

In 1896, [[Minnie Braithwaite Jenkins]] was the first woman to attempt to take classes at William & Mary, although her petition was denied.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Freehling |first=Alison |date=October 2, 1996 |title=Light of Learning to Shine in Teacher's Memory |url=https://www.dailypress.com/1996/10/02/light-of-learning-to-shine-in-teachers-memory/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220212619/https://articles.dailypress.com/1996-10-02/news/9610020089_1_women-s-studies-william-and-mary-lectures |archive-date=February 20, 2018 |access-date=June 27, 2024 |url-status=live |website=Daily Press}}</ref> In March 1906, the General Assembly passed an act taking over the college grounds, and it has remained publicly supported ever since. 

===20th century===
In 1918, it was one of the first universities in Virginia to admit women.<ref>[http://www2.lib.virginia.edu/exhibits/women/grad_prof1.html Women at UVa: Graduate and Professional Schools] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150216222951/http://www2.lib.virginia.edu/exhibits/women/grad_prof1.html |date=February 16, 2015}}. .lib.virginia.edu. Retrieved on August 9, 2013.</ref> Enrollment increased from 104 in 1889 to 1269 students by 1932.

[[File:William and Mary College, Williamsburg, Virginia, circa 1902.jpg|thumb|The Wren Building, {{circa|1902}}]]
[[W. A. R. Goodwin]], rector at [[Bruton Parish Church]] and professor of biblical literature and religious education at the college, pursued benefactors who could support the restoration of Williamsburg. Goodwin considered Williamsburg "as the original training and testing ground" of the United States. Goodwin persuaded [[John D. Rockefeller Jr.]] to initiate the restoration of Williamsburg in 1926, leading to the establishment of [[Colonial Williamsburg]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Rockefellers at Williamsburg: Backstory with the Founders, Restorers and World-Renowned Guests|publisher=EPM Publications|first=Donald J.|last=Gonzales|location=[[McLean, Virginia|McLean]], [[Virginia|VA]]|date=1991|isbn=0-939009-58-7|pages=25–26}}</ref> Goodwin had initially only pursued Rockefeller to help fund the construction of [[Phi Beta Kappa Memorial Hall]], but had convinced Rockefeller to participate in a broader restoration effort when he visited William & Mary for the hall's dedication. While the college's administration was less supportive of the restoration efforts than many others in Williamsburg–before the Colonial Williamsburg project, the William & Mary campus was Williamsburg's primary tourist attraction–the college's cooperation was secured.<ref>{{cite book|title=Creating Colonial Williamsburg: The Restoration of Virginia's Eighteenth-Century Capital|first=Anders|last=Greenspan|edition=2nd|date=2009|orig-date=2002|publisher=[[University of North Carolina Press]]|isbn=978-0-8078-5987-2|pages=18, 51–52}}</ref> Restoration paid for by Rockefeller's program extended to the college, with the Wren Building restored in 1928–1931, President's House in 1931, and Brafferton in 1931–1932.<ref>{{cite book|title=Buildings of Virginia: Tidewater and Piedmont|editor-first=Richard Guy|editor-last=Wilson|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]], [[Society of Architectural Historians]]|date=2002|series=[[Buildings of the United States]]|isbn=0-19-515206-9|pages=361, 374–376}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The College of William & Mary: A History: Volume II|chapter=Part V: Chapter 1|last=Sherman|first=Richard B.|publisher=King and Queen Press, Society of the Alumni, [[The College of William and Mary in Virginia]]|location=[[Williamsburg, Virginia|Williamsburg]], [[Virginia|VA]]|date=1993|page=558}}</ref>

[[File:Brafferton Building c1907.jpg|thumb|The [[Brafferton (building)|Brafferton]], {{Circa|1907}}]]
In 1930, William & Mary established a branch in [[Norfolk, Virginia]] called The Norfolk Division of the College of William & Mary; it eventually became the independent state-supported institution known as [[Old Dominion University]].

President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] received an honorary degree from the college on October 20, 1934.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1934/10/21/archives/roosevelts-address-at-william-and-mary.html "Roosevelt's Address at William and Mary"]. ''[[The New York Times]]''. {{cite news |title=Roosevelt's Address at William and Mary |url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10917FF3B5D167A93C3AB178BD95F408385F9 |url-status=live |work=The New York Times |date=October 21, 1934 |access-date=May 4, 2009 |archive-date=June 8, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130608171651/http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10917FF3B5D167A93C3AB178BD95F408385F9}}. (October 21, 1934). Retrieved on August 9, 2013.</ref> In 1935, the [[Sunken Garden (Virginia)|Sunken Garden]] was constructed just west of the Wren Building. The sunken design is from a similar landscape feature at [[Royal Hospital Chelsea]] in London, designed by Sir Christopher Wren.

In 1945, the editor-in-chief of ''[[The Flat Hat]]'', Marilyn Kaemmerle, wrote an editorial, "Lincoln's Job Half-Done..." that supported the end of  [[Racial segregation in the United States|racial segregation]], [[anti-miscegenation laws]] and [[white supremacy]]; the university administration removed her from the newspaper and nearly expelled her.<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,792051,00.html Education: Jefferson's Heirs] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826034248/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C792051%2C00.html |date=August 26, 2013}}, ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', February 26, 1945</ref> According to ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine, in response, over one-thousand William & Mary students held "a spirited mass meeting protesting infringement of the sacred principles of freedom of the press bequeathed by Alumnus Thomas Jefferson." She was allowed to graduate, but future editors had to discuss "controversial writings" with faculty before printing. The college Board of Visitors apologized to her in the 1980s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Marilyn_Kaemmerle|title=Marilyn Kaemmerle|work=wm.edu|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309172041/http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Marilyn_Kaemmerle|archive-date=March 9, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=A Michigan Woman, Race Relations, and Virginia 1945 |url=https://libraries.wm.edu/blog/post/michigan-woman-race-relations-and-virginia-1945 |website=William & Mary Libraries |access-date=June 28, 2021 |date=March 3, 2020}}</ref>

The college admitted Hulon Willis into a graduate program in 1951 because the program was unavailable at [[Virginia State University|Virginia State]]. However, the college did not open all programs to African-American students until around 1970.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Desegregation_in_Higher_Education#start_entry|title=Desegregation in Higher Education in Virginia|first=Peter|last=Wallenstein|access-date=June 28, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140710021610/http://encyclopediavirginia.org/Desegregation_in_Higher_Education#start_entry|archive-date=July 10, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1960, [[The Colleges of William & Mary]], a short-lived five-campus university system, was founded. It included the College of William & Mary, the [[Richmond Professional Institute]], the [[Norfolk Division of the College of William & Mary]], [[Christopher Newport College]], and [[Richard Bland College]].<ref name="CoWMAH">{{cite book|last=Godson|title=The College of William and Mary: A History|year=1993|publisher=King and Queen Press|isbn=0-9615670-4-X|display-authors=etal}}</ref> It was dissolved in 1962, with only Richard Bland College remaining officially associated with the College of William & Mary at the present day.

Throughout the second half of the 20th century, William & Mary has retained its historic ties to the United Kingdom and that state's royal family. In 1954, [[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother]] visited William & Mary as part of her tour of the United States, becoming the first member of the royal family to visit the college. In 1957, [[Queen Elizabeth II]] and [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]], visited the college to commemorate the 350th anniversary of the landing at Jamestown. Queen Elizabeth gave a speech from the balcony of the Wren Building that drew over 20,000 people, the largest crowd ever seen in the city. In 1981, [[Charles, Prince of Wales]], visited to commemorate the 200th anniversary of the Battle of Yorktown. 

In 1988, the United States Congress selected William & Mary to send a delegation to the United Kingdom for the 300th anniversary of the ascension of King William III and Queen Mary II. Prince Charles would return to the college in 1993 for the 300th anniversary of William & Mary. William & Mary sent a delegation to meet with Queen Elizabeth II that same year. Former Prime Minister [[Margaret Thatcher]] would be made the [[Chancellor of the College of William & Mary]] that same year. In 2007, Elizabeth II and Prince Philip would visit the college for a second time to recognize the 400th anniversary of the landing at Jamestown.<ref>{{cite web |last=Langley |first=Cortney |title=Great Britain's royalty is at home at William & Mary |url=https://www.wm.edu/news/stories/2015/rolling-out-wms-red-carpet-for-royalty123.php |url-status=live |publisher=The College of William & Mary |date=March 13, 2015 |access-date=March 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190216121522/https://www.wm.edu/news/stories/2015/rolling-out-wms-red-carpet-for-royalty123.php |archive-date=February 16, 2019}}</ref> In 2022, a [[The Queen's Platinum Jubilee Beacons|beacon]] was lit in front of the Wren Building to celebrate the [[Platinum Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Queen's Platinum Jubilee in Williamsburg, Virginia USA |url=https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20221010111940/https://platinumjubilee.gov.uk/event/queens-platinum-jubilee-in-williamsburg-virginia-usa/ |access-date=December 6, 2022}}</ref>

In 1974, Jay Winston Johns willed [[Highland (James Monroe house)|Highland]], the {{convert|535|acre|km2|adj=on}} historic [[Albemarle County, Virginia]] estate of alumnus and U.S. President James Monroe, to the college. The college restored this historic presidential home near Charlottesville and opened it publicly.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ashlawnhighland.org/ |title=Ash Lawn-Highland, Home of James Monroe |publisher=Ashlawnhighland.org |access-date=September 26, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414170725/http://ashlawnhighland.org/ |archive-date=April 14, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

On January 20, 1983, Jefferson Hall, a student dormitory, was destroyed by fire without casualties. The building, including the destroyed west wing, was rebuilt and reopened.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://libraries.wm.edu/exhibits/jefferson-hall-fire-30th-anniversary|title=Jefferson Hall Fire: 30th Anniversary|date=2013|last=Special Collections Research Center |publisher=William & Mary Libraries|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025124708/https://libraries.wm.edu/exhibits/jefferson-hall-fire-30th-anniversary|archive-date=October 25, 2018|access-date=February 4, 2021}}</ref>

===21st century===
[[File:Heart Memorial to the Enslaved in daylight, 2022.jpg|thumb|[[Hearth: Memorial to the Enslaved]], dedicated in 2022 to commemorate enslaved persons owned and used by the college<ref>{{cite web|title=About the Memorial|url=https://www.wm.edu/sites/enslavedmemorial/about/index.php|publisher=College of William & Mary|access-date=October 18, 2022}}</ref>]]
On July 25, 2012, [[Eastern Virginia Medical School]] (EVMS), in nearby [[Norfolk, Virginia]], made a joint announcement with William & Mary that the two schools were considering merging, with the prospect that EVMS would become the William & Mary School of Medicine.<ref>{{cite web |last=Whitson |first=Brian |title=W&M and EVMS to explore School of Medicine |url=http://www.wm.edu/news/stories/2012/wm-and-evms-to-explore-school-of-medicine.php |publisher=The College of William & Mary |date=July 25, 2012 |access-date=March 26, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402124730/http://www.wm.edu/news/stories/2012/wm-and-evms-to-explore-school-of-medicine.php |archive-date=April 2, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Reveley |first=Taylor |title=President's message on W&M and EVMS |url=http://www.wm.edu/news/announcements/archive/2012/presidents-message-on-wm-and-evms.php |url-status=live |publisher=The College of William & Mary |date=July 25, 2012 |access-date=March 26, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402155626/http://www.wm.edu/news/announcements/archive/2012/presidents-message-on-wm-and-evms.php |archive-date=April 2, 2015}}</ref> Any such merger would have to be confirmed by the two schools and then confirmed by the Virginia General Assembly and Governor. Both universities subsequently agreed upon a pilot relationship, supported by a $200,000 grant in the Virginia budget, to examine this possible union in reality.<ref>{{cite web |last=Whitson |first=Brian |title=W&M report recommends pilot partnership with EVMS |url=http://www.wm.edu/news/stories/2013/wm-report-recommends-pilot-partnership-with-evms123.php |url-status=live |publisher=The College of William & Mary |date=January 16, 2013 |access-date=March 26, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402110111/http://www.wm.edu/news/stories/2013/wm-report-recommends-pilot-partnership-with-evms123.php |archive-date=April 2, 2015}}</ref>