Editing Coffeyville, Kansas (section)

==History==
[[File:Coffeyville KS.png|thumb|left|Coffeyville trollies, ca. 1900]]
This settlement was founded in 1869 as an Indian trading post by Col. James A. Coffey, serving the population across the border in what was then the [[Indian Territory]]. The town was stimulated in 1871 by being made a stop on the [[Leavenworth, Lawrence & Galveston Railroad]], which connected it to other markets and developments. With the arrival of the railroad, a young surveyor, Napoleon B. Blanton, was dispatched to lay out the town. The naming of the town was left to the toss of a coin between Col. Coffey and U.S. Army Captain Blanton. Coffey won the toss and the town was officially named Coffeyville.{{citation needed|date=March 2011}}

The city was incorporated in 1872, but the charter was voided as illegal, and the city was re-incorporated in March 1873.<ref name="hist">{{cite web| url=http://www.coffeyville.com/History.htm| title=Coffeyville History| access-date=2006-07-16| publisher=City of Coffeyville| quote=Coffeyville was incorporated in March, 1872, but the corporation was found to be illegal and it was again incorporated in March, 1873.| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060616194215/http://www.coffeyville.com/History.htm| archive-date=2006-06-16}}</ref><ref name="Federal Writers' Project 1939 174">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=prI_kG_QmvoC&pg=PA174 | title=Kansas: A Guide to the Sunflower State | publisher=Works Progress Administration | author=Federal Writers' Project | year=1939 | page=174| author-link=Federal Writers' Project | isbn=9780403021673 }}</ref>

As a frontier settlement, Coffeyville had its share of violence. On October 5, 1892, four of the [[Dalton Gang]] were killed in a shootout during an attempted bank robbery;<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-dalton-gang-is-wiped-out-in-coffeyville-kansas |title=The Dalton Gang is wiped out in Coffeyville, Kansas |access-date=April 17, 2018 |work=[[History Channel]] |publisher=[[A&E Television Networks, LLC]]}}</ref> [[Emmett Dalton]] survived with 23 gunshot wounds and later pleaded guilty to [[second-degree murder]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/104065488/sentenced-to-life-imprisonment/ |title=Sentenced to Life Imprisonment |newspaper=[[Lawrence Daily Journal]] |location=[[Lawrence, Kansas]] |page=1 |date=March 8, 1893 |accessdate=June 19, 2022 |via=newspapers.com}}</ref> although he later asserted that he never fired a shot during the robbery.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/104067678/back-to-prison/ |title=Back to Prison |newspaper=The Evening Star |location=[[Independence, Kansas]] |page=4 |date=November 1, 1907 |accessdate=June 19, 2022 |via=newspapers.com}}</ref> He served 14 years before being pardoned. The gang had been trying to rob the First National and Condon banks, located across the street from each other. Law enforcement personnel and civilians recognized them under their disguises of fake beards and attacked the gang members as they fled one of the banks. Three civilians and a [[Marshal#State and local marshals|local marshal]], Charles T. Connelly, died defending the town. The town holds an annual celebration each October to commemorate the Dalton Raid.{{citation needed|date=March 2011}}
[[File:Santa Fe 1079 at Coffeyville.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad Locomotive 1079 on static display, 2002]]
After the discovery of its resources of plentiful natural gas and abundant clay, Coffeyville enjoyed rapid growth from 1890 to 1910, as its population expanded sixfold. Many of the Coffeyville buildings now appearing in the [https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nationalregister/database-research.htm National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)] were built during this time period. They include the Old Condon National Bank (now the Perkins Building, c. 1890,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Perkins Building Historical Marker |url=https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=60799 |access-date=2022-08-16 |website=www.hmdb.org |language=en}}</ref> added 1/12/1973), the [https://kansassampler.org/8wondersofkansas-architecture/brown-mansion-coffeyville Brown Mansion] (c. 1904–1907,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brown Mansion |url=https://www.coffeyvillehistory.com/brown-mansion |access-date=2022-08-16 |website=CHS |language=en}}</ref> added 12/12/1976), the new larger [[Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church (Coffeyville, Kansas)|Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church]] (c. 1907, added 7/28/1995), the Midland Theater <ref name="kshs.org">{{Cite web |title=National and State Registers of Historic Places - Kansas Historical Society |url=https://www.kshs.org/natreg/natreg_listings/search/county:MG |access-date=2022-08-16 |website=www.kshs.org}}</ref> (c. 1928, added 2/9/2005), and the Charles M. Ball House (c. 1906–1908,<ref name="kshs.org"/> added 2/7/2011).

From the turn of the 20th century to the 1930s, Coffeyville was one of the largest glass and brick manufacturing centers in the nation. During this same period, the development of oil production attracted the founding of several oil field equipment manufacturers, and more workers and residents.<ref name="Federal Writers' Project 1939 174" />

In March 1927, a racially charged riot occurred after three African American men were arrested on a false accusation of raping two teenage girls. A white mob stormed the jail, but were unable to locate the three men. The mob then attacked African Americans on the streets. Kansas National Guardsmen arrived and restored order.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.kshs.org/publicat/history/2018autumn_newman.pdf | title= Forgetting Strength: Coffeyville, the Black Freedom Struggle, and Vanished Memory, Geoffrey Newman | access-date=2006-07-16 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1927/03/19/archives/two-persons-injured-in-kansas-race-riot.html| title=Two Persons Injured in Kansas Race Riot| access-date=2022-03-19| work=New York Times| date=19 March 1927}}</ref>

===Early Sunday School===
In 1930 residents who were members of [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] (LDS) organized a [[Sunday School (LDS Church)|Sunday School]]; it was one of only 11 places in Kansas to have such a facility then.<ref>[[Andrew Jenson|Jenson, Andrew]]. ''Encyclopedic History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints'' (Salt Lake City:Deseret Book, 1941) p. 391–392.</ref>

===Coffeyville Multiscope===
Coffeyville industrialist Douglas Brown founded Coffeyville Multiscope, which produced components of the [[Norden bombsight]]. This played a determining role in the perfection of precision daylight bombing during [[World War II]] as a result of the bombsight's advanced accuracy and drift correction capability.{{citation needed|date=March 2011}}

===2007 flood===
On July 1, 2007, Coffeyville suffered a major flood when the [[Verdigris River]] crested at 10 feet above flood stage and flooded approximately a third of the city. The flood topped the local refinery ([[Coffeyville Resources LLC]]) levees by 4 feet, allowing oil to pollute the water. Approximately 1700 barrels (71,000 gallons) of crude oil mingled with the already contaminated flood waters.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kealing|first=Jonathan|url=http://www.kansascity.com/115/story/179324.html|title=Brownback, Roberts view flooded areas in Kansas| access-date=2007-07-06| publisher=Kansas City | archive-url=https://archive.today/20131121054044/https://www.webcitation.org/1184053454991068?url=http://www.kansascity.com/115/story/179324.html |archive-date=21 November 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[EPA]] worked to prevent the oil and flood water mix from continuing downriver, where it could damage the water in [[Oologah Lake]] near [[Oologah, Oklahoma]]. Many residential water supplies are drawn from that lake. A minimal amount of oil reached Oologah Lake, and it did not pose a threat to the water supplies of other cities along the Verdigris River or from the lake. A number of animals were found dead or injured in flood areas, covered with oil.

By July 2, areas east of Patterson Street were off limits, and a curfew was enacted in other areas of the city. On July 3, the city lost its supply of potable water, but the water service was restored and the order to boil water rescinded on July 7. The [[Federal Emergency Management Agency]] (FEMA) and the [[Red Cross]] came to aid residents, and Kansas Governor [[Kathleen Sebelius]] and President [[George W. Bush]] declared the city a federal disaster area. Most displaced residents found shelter with family and friends, but many were sheltered in two area churches and a senior citizens' apartment complex. Some pets were rescued to a temporary animal shelter built for them at [[LeClere Park]].

The flooded area on the city's east side was reopened on July 11 for residents and business owners to begin assessing damage and to retrieve salvageable items.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/2007/07/11/11886004/kansans-return-to-take-stock-of-flood-damage|title=Kansans Return to Take Stock of Flood Damage|last= Beaubien |first= Jason|date= 11 July 2007 |website= [[Npr.org]] |publisher= |access-date=14 December 2024|quote=}}</ref>
[[File:Verdigris River Coffeyville Kansas.jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|The Verdigris River at Coffeyville, 2006]] In order to focus on the post-flood recovery and clean-up, the city and state cancelled the 2007 Inter-State Fair & Rodeo.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.coffeyvilleflood.com/?p=45| title=Fair Association Press Release| access-date=2007-07-07| publisher=CoffeyvilleFlood.Com}}</ref> The ongoing flood recovery included a wholesale environmental remediation of the flood-affected eastern portion of the city, which continued through late 2008 to early 2009. Many of the flood-damaged homes were purchased by Coffeyville Resources LLC as a part of its effort to compensate the homeowners affected by the oil spill.<ref>[http://www.kansas.com/2011/09/25/2031944/coffeyville-resilient-after-refinery.html "Coffeyville resilient after refinery flood"]; ''The Wichita Eagle;'' 25 September 2011</ref>