Editing Coenzyme A (section)

==Discovery of structure==
[[File:Coenzym A beschriftet.svg|thumb|300 px|Structure of coenzyme A: 1: 3′-phosphoadenosine. 2: diphosphate, organophosphate anhydride. 3: pantoic acid. 4: β-alanine. 5: cysteamine.]]
Coenzyme A was identified by [[Fritz Lipmann]] in 1946,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lipmann F, Kaplan NO |title=A common factor in the enzymatic acetylation of sulfanilamide and of choline |journal=Journal of Biological Chemistry |date=1946 |volume=162 |issue=3 |pages=743–744 |doi=10.1016/S0021-9258(17)41419-0 |doi-access=free }}</ref> who also later gave it its name. Its structure was determined during the early 1950s at the [[Lister Institute]], London, together by Lipmann and other workers at [[Harvard Medical School]] and [[Massachusetts General Hospital]].<ref name="Nature">{{cite journal | vauthors = Baddiley J, Thain EM, Novelli GD, Lipmann F | title = Structure of coenzyme A | journal = Nature | volume = 171 | issue = 4341 | pages = 76 | date = January 1953 | pmid = 13025483 | doi = 10.1038/171076a0 | s2cid = 630898 | bibcode = 1953Natur.171...76B | doi-access = free }}</ref> Lipmann initially intended to study acetyl transfer in animals, and from these experiments he noticed a unique factor that was not present in enzyme extracts but was evident in all organs of the animals. He was able to isolate and purify the factor from pig liver and discovered that its function was related to a coenzyme that was active in [[choline]] acetylation.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal | vauthors = Kresge N, Simoni RD, Hill RL |date=2005-05-27|title=Fritz Lipmann and the Discovery of Coenzyme A|url=http://www.jbc.org/content/280/21/e18|journal=Journal of Biological Chemistry|language=en|volume=280|issue=21|pages=e18|issn=0021-9258|access-date=2017-10-24|archive-date=2019-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412153806/http://www.jbc.org/content/280/21/e18|url-status=dead}}</ref> Work with [[Beverly Guirard]], [[Nathan O. Kaplan|Nathan Kaplan]], and others determined that pantothenic acid was a central component of coenzyme A.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lipmann F, Kaplan NO | title = Coenzyme for acetylation, a pantothenic acid derivative | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 167 | issue = 3 | pages = 869–870 | date = March 1947 | pmid = 20287921 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)30973-0 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lipmann F, Kaplan NO, Novelli GD, Tuttle LC, Guirard BM | title = Isolation of coenzyme A | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 186 | issue = 1 | pages = 235–243 | date = September 1950 | pmid = 14778827 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)56309-2 | doi-access = free }}</ref> The coenzyme was named coenzyme A to stand for "activation of acetate". In 1953, [[Fritz Lipmann]] won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism".<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Fritz Lipmann – Facts |website=Nobelprize.org |publisher=Nobel Media AB |date=2014 |access-date=8 November 2017 |url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1953/lipmann-facts.html}}</ref>