Editing Cleveland Heights, Ohio (section)

==History==
[[File:Heights Rockefeller Building.jpg|thumb|left|View of the Heights Rockefeller Building, from Mayfield and Lee Roads]]
The area that is now the city of Cleveland Heights lies atop the [[Portage Escarpment]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Bhatia|first=Kabir|title=Cuyahoga County keeps its feet on the ground while reaching for the 'Heights'|work=Ideastream|date=February 24, 2022|accessdate=July 22, 2022|url=https://www.ideastream.org/news/cuyahoga-county-keeps-its-feet-on-the-ground-while-reaching-for-the-heights-oh-really}}</ref> Until the late 1800s, the area remained largely timber and farmland, with a few orchards, quarries, and vineyards.{{sfn|Morton|2002|pages=26-28}} The first road through the city, Mayfield Road, was not built until 1828. Some of the land was divided into farms, but it also had quarries in the 19th century. One of the early quarries was established by Duncan McFarland who mined [[bluestone]]. This led to the settlement that grew up around the quarry for the workers to live in to be referred to as Bluestone. There is still a road of this name in that area.

In 1873, business magnate [[John D. Rockefeller]] acquired about {{cvt|700|acre}} in what is now the cities of [[East Cleveland, Ohio|East Cleveland]] and Cleveland Heights, with a water cure hotel, which he converted to a mansion for his family in East Cleveland. Eventually, some of the land, straddling both suburbs, was turned into residential developments, and, in 1938, the family donated land which is now [[Forest Hill Park (Ohio)|Forest Hill Park]].

The development of [[Tram|electric streetcars]] made the development of suburbs far outside Cleveland's city limits practical for the first time in the 1890s.{{sfn|National Park Service|2002|page=17}}{{sfn|Rose|1990|page=781}}{{sfn|Morton|2005|page=7}} About 1890, a town center began forming at what is now the intersection of Mayfield and Superior roads.{{sfn|Morton|2002|page=32}} The population of the area encompassed by Cleveland Heights voted in August 1900 to incorporate under state law as a hamlet. The population of about 1,500 grew quickly, and in 1903 incorporated as a village.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clevelandheights.com/237/History-Architecture|title=History of Cleveland Heights|website=clevelandheights.com|access-date=April 9, 2018}}</ref>{{sfn|Morton|2002|page=34}} It had a population of 15,396 in 1920 and was incorporated as a city on August 9, 1921. Between 1920 and 1930, Cleveland Heights' population more than tripled.<ref>{{Cite book|last=KEATING|first=W. DENNIS|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt14bszbx|title=The Suburban Racial Dilemma: Housing and Neighborhoods|date=1994|publisher=Temple University Press|jstor=j.ctt14bszbx|isbn=978-1-56639-147-4}}</ref> By 1960 it had a population of 61,813.<ref>''Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer'', 1952 Edition with 1962 Supplement.</ref>

[[File:2300 block of Woodmere - Euclid Golf Allotment - Cleveland Heights Ohio.jpg|thumb|left|Woodmere Drive, [[Euclid Golf Allotment]]]] 
In 1890, [[Business magnate|railroad baron]] [[Patrick Calhoun]] purchased {{convert|300|acre|km2}} atop nearby Cedar Hill, and in 1893 established the [[planned community]] of Euclid Heights.{{sfn|Bremer|Fisher|2004|page=9}}{{Efn|The development was named for Euclid Avenue and the high position the property sat on.{{sfn|Bremer|Fisher|2004|page=9}}}} In 1913, Barton R. Deming convinced Rockefeller to enter into a purchase agreement for the {{convert|141|acre|km2}} formerly leased to the Euclid Golf Club of Euclid Heights, which resulting in the founding of the B.R. Deming Company to develop the [[Euclid Golf Allotment]].{{sfn|Bremer|Fisher|2004|page=17}} The Euclid Golf Allotment was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://heightsobserver.org/read/2011/08/19/another-new-historic-district-for-cleveland-heights|last=O'Donnell|first=Kara Hamley|title=Another New Historic District for Cleveland Heights|work=The Heights Observer|date=August 19, 2011|access-date=May 3, 2015}}</ref>

In November 1926, the establishment of a new business district on Taylor Road was announced. This resulted in numerous residential homes and mixed-use structures built in the [[Tudor Revival]] style that are now known as the [[Stadium Square Historic District]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Heights Street Is Like Bit of Old England|work=The Plain Dealer|date=August 1, 1926|page=C15}}</ref>

In the 1950s, Cleveland Heights saw the influx of many merchant class and professional Jewish people leaving Cleveland, particularly the [[Hough, Cleveland|Hough]] and [[Glenville, Cleveland|Glenville]] neighborhoods. In 1961, 35%  of the Jewish population of [[Cuyahoga County, Ohio|Cuyahoga County]] lived in Cleveland Heights.<ref>{{Cite book|last=KEATING|first=W. DENNIS|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt14bszbx|title=The Suburban Racial Dilemma: Housing and Neighborhoods|date=1994|publisher=Temple University Press|isbn=978-1-56639-147-4|pages=115|jstor=j.ctt14bszbx}}</ref> Although the Black population of Cleveland Heights was less than 1% in 1960, partially due to restrictive covenants, Black Clevelanders began to move into Cleveland Heights in the 1960s and 1970s. This led to violence and pushback from some white citizens.<ref>{{Cite book|last=KEATING|first=W. DENNIS|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt14bszbx|title=The Suburban Racial Dilemma: Housing and Neighborhoods|date=1994|publisher=Temple University Press|isbn=978-1-56639-147-4|pages=115–116|jstor=j.ctt14bszbx}}</ref> However, organizations such as Heights Citizens For Human Rights and Heights Community Congress formed to protest violence against Black citizens, and promote integration in the city.<ref>{{Cite book|last=KEATING|first=W. DENNIS|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt14bszbx|title=The Suburban Racial Dilemma: Housing and Neighborhoods|date=1994|publisher=Temple University Press|isbn=978-1-56639-147-4|pages=116–121|jstor=j.ctt14bszbx}}</ref>