Editing Chronic pain (section)

==Classification==
{{main|Pain#Classification}}
===ICD-11===
In [[ICD-11]] chronic pain is classified under MG30.
<ref>https://icd.who.int/browse/2025-01/mms/en#1581976053</ref>

An IASP task force had proposed a seven-category classification for chronic pain for ICD-11.<ref name="Treede-2015">{{Cite journal|last1=Treede|first1=Rolf-Detlef|last2=Rief|first2=Winfried|last3=Barke|first3=Antonia|last4=Aziz|first4=Qasim|last5=Bennett|first5=Michael I.|last6=Benoliel|first6=Rafael|last7=Cohen|first7=Milton|last8=Evers|first8=Stefan|last9=Finnerup|first9=Nanna B.|date=June 2015|title=A classification of chronic pain for ICD-11|journal=Pain|volume=156|issue=6|pages=1003–1007|doi=10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000160|issn=1872-6623|pmc=4450869|pmid=25844555}}</ref>

# Primary chronic pain: Defined by 3 months of continuous pain in one or more areas of the [[Human body|body]], the origin of which is not understood.
# Chronic cancer pain: pain in one of the body's organs caused by [[cancer]] damage (in [[internal organs]], [[bone]] or [[skeletal muscular]]) is formed.
# Chronic pain post-[[Major trauma|traumatic]] or [[surgery]]: Pain that occurs 3 months after an injury or surgery, without taking into account [[Infection|infectious]] conditions and the severity of tissue damage; also, the person's past pain is not important in this classification.
# Chronic [[neuropathic pain]]: pain caused by damage to the [[Somatosensory system|somatosensory nervous system]].
# Chronic [[headache]] and [[orofacial pain]]: pain that originates in the head or [[face]], and occurs for 50% or more days over a 3 months period.
# Chronic visceral pain: pain originating in an internal organ.
# Chronic musculoskeletal pain: pain originating in the bones, muscles, [[joint]]s or [[connective tissue]].

Also, the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) stated that optional criteria or codes could be used in the classification of chronic pain for each of the seven categories of chronic pain (for example, "''diabetic'' neuropathic" pain).<ref name="Treede-2019" />

The ICD-11 also includes the category of "Chronic widespread pain" (CWP) code MG30.01. This is diffuse pain in at least 4 of 5 body regions, and is associated with emotional distress or functional disability.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics |url=https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http://id.who.int/icd/entity/849253504 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180801205234/https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en%23/http://id.who.int/icd/entity/294762853#/http://id.who.int/icd/entity/849253504 |archive-date=1 August 2018 |access-date=2022-04-09 |website=icd.who.int}}</ref>

===DSM-5===
According to the [[DSM-5]] index, a complication is "''chronic''" when the resulting complication (pain, disorder, and illness) lasts for a period of more than six months (this type of classification does not have any prerequisites such as physical or mental injury).<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Katz|first1=Joel|last2=Rosenbloom|first2=Brittany N.|last3=Fashler|first3=Samantha|date=April 2015|title=Chronic Pain, Psychopathology, and DSM-5 Somatic Symptom Disorder|journal=Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne de Psychiatrie|volume=60|issue=4|pages=160–167|doi=10.1177/070674371506000402|issn=0706-7437|pmc=4459242|pmid=26174215}}</ref> 

===IASP===
The [[International Association for the Study of Pain]] (IASP) defines chronic pain as a general [[pain]] without [[biological]] value that sometimes continues even after the healing of the affected area;<ref name="Turk12">{{cite book|vauthors=Turk DC, Okifuji A|veditors=Loeser D, Butler SH, Chapman JJ, Turk DC|title=Bonica's Management of Pain|edition=3rd|year=2001|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=978-0-683-30462-6|pages=18–25|chapter=Pain terms and taxonomies|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TyNEicOiJqQC&q=Pain+terms+and+taxonomies&pg=RA1-PA18}}</ref><ref name="Thienhaus12">{{cite book|vauthors=Thienhaus O, Cole BE|veditors=Weiner RS|title=Pain management: A practical guide for clinicians|edition=6|year=2002|publisher=American Academy of Pain Management|isbn=978-0-8493-0926-7|chapter=Classification of pain|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lg7sIgP9D3kC&q=chronic+acute+subacute+pain+idiopathic&pg=PA28}}</ref> a type of pain that cannot be classified as acute pain{{Efn|Doctors define acute pain as pain associated with a cause that can be relieved by treating the cause. In the general sense, acute pain means pain that decreases or stops when the disease improves.<ref name="upmc.com"/>|name=}} and lasts longer than expected to heal, or typically, pain that has been experienced on most days or daily for the past six months, is considered chronic pain.<ref name="Henning-2022">{{Cite book|last1=Henning|first1=Troy|last2=Chang|first2=Wilson|last3=Stanos|first3=Steven|chapter=Classification of Chronic Pain|date=September 2022|editor-last=El Miedany|editor-first=Yasser|title=Advances in Chronic and Neuropathic Pain|chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-10687-3_1|series=Contemporary Rheumatology|language=en|pages=3–10|doi=10.1007/978-3-031-10687-3_1|isbn=978-3-031-10686-6|issn=2662-7531|eissn=2662-754X|archive-date=2024-01-14|access-date=2024-01-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114165748/https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-10687-3_1|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Main-2001">{{cite book|vauthors=Main CJ, Spanswick CC|title=Pain management: an interdisciplinary approach|year=2001|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-443-05683-3|page=93|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r9FWvgAACAAJ&q=Pain+Management:+An+Interdisciplinary+Approach|archive-date=2024-05-15|access-date=2024-02-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515040155/https://books.google.com/books?id=r9FWvgAACAAJ&q=Pain+Management:+An+Interdisciplinary+Approach|url-status=live}}</ref> The classification of chronic pain is not only limited to pains that arise in the presence of real tissue damage (secondary pains resulting from a primary event); the title "nociplastic pain" or primary pain is related to the pains that occur in the absence of a health-threatening factor, such as disease or damage to the body's [[somatosensory system]], and as a result of permanent [[nerve]] stimulation.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2024-01-14|language=en-US|title=Terminology {{!}} International Association for the Study of Pain|url=https://www.iasp-pain.org/resources/terminology/|website=International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP)|archive-date=2024-03-16|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240316073922/https://www.iasp-pain.org/resources/terminology/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Treede-2019">{{Cite journal|last1=Treede|first1=Rolf-Detlef|last2=Rief|first2=Winfried|last3=Barke|first3=Antonia|last4=Aziz|first4=Qasim|last5=Bennett|first5=Michael I.|last6=Benoliel|first6=Rafael|last7=Cohen|first7=Milton|last8=Evers|first8=Stefan|last9=Finnerup|first9=Nanna B.|date=January 2019|title=Chronic pain as a symptom or a disease: the IASP Classification of Chronic Pain for the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11)|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30586067/?dopt=Abstract|journal=Pain|volume=160|issue=1|pages=19–27|doi=10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001384|issn=1872-6623|pmid=30586067|s2cid=58462501|archive-date=2024-01-14|access-date=2024-01-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114165748/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30586067/?dopt=Abstract|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Nociceptive/Neuropathic/Nociplastic===
In many cases pain fits into 3 categories;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/pain|title=Pain &#124; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke|website=www.ninds.nih.gov|access-date=2025-03-12|archive-date=2025-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250304174721/https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/pain|url-status=live}}</ref>

*"nociceptive" pain (caused by [[inflamed]] or damaged tissue that activates special pain sensors called [[nociceptors]]).<ref name="Treede-2015" /> Nociceptive pain is divided into "superficial" and "deep" pain.  Deep pains are divided into two parts: "deep physical" and "deep visceral" pain.<ref>{{cite book|vauthors=Coda BA, Bonica JJ|veditors=Loeser D, Bonica JJ|title=Bonica's management of pain|edition=3|year=2001|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=978-0-443-05683-3|location=Philadelphia|chapter=General considerations of acute pain|chapter-url-access=registration|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/painmanagementin0000main}}</ref>

*"neuropathic" pain (caused by damage or malfunction of the [[nervous system]]).<ref name="Treede-2015" /> Neuropathic pains are divided into "peripheral" (source The [[peripheral nervous system]]) and "central" ([[Central nervous system]] from the brain or [[spinal cord]]) are divided.<ref name="Bogduk1994">{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/classificationof0000unse_o5f1/page/212 |title=Classification of chronic pain: descriptions of chronic pain syndromes and definitions of pain terms |vauthors=Bogduk N, Merskey H |publisher=IASP Press |year=1994 |isbn=978-0931092053 |edition=second |location=Seattle |page=[https://archive.org/details/classificationof0000unse_o5f1/page/212 212]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Diagnostic Methods for Neuropathic Pain: A Review of Diagnostic Accuracy Rapid Response Report: Summary with Critical Appraisal.|publisher=Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health|date=April 2015|pmid=26180859}}</ref> [[Peripheral neuropathy|Peripheral neuropathic pain]] is often described as "burning", "tingling", "electrical", "stabbing", or "pins and needles".<ref name="Paice2003">{{cite journal |vauthors=Paice JA |date=Jul–Aug 2003 |title=Mechanisms and management of neuropathic pain in cancer |url=http://www.supportiveoncology.net/journal/articles/0102107.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=The Journal of Supportive Oncology |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=107–120 |pmid=15352654 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107161021/http://www.supportiveoncology.net/journal/articles/0102107.pdf |archive-date=2010-01-07 |access-date=2010-05-03}}</ref>

*"[[nociplastic pain]]" is pain that arises despite no clear evidence of tissue or somatosensory system damage causing the pain.<ref name="L">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Fitzcharles MA, Cohen SP, Clauw DJ, Littlejohn G, Usui C, Häuser W |date=May 2021 |title=Nociplastic pain: towards an understanding of prevalent pain conditions |journal=Lancet |volume=397 |issue=10289 |pages=2098–2110 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00392-5 |pmid=34062144 |s2cid=235245552}}</ref>

===Further pain terms===
Further pain terms are as follows;
*"superficial pain" is the result of the activation of pain receptors in the [[skin]] or superficial tissues; 
*"deep somatic pain" is caused by stimulation of pain receptors in [[ligament]]s, [[tendon]]s, bones, [[blood vessel]]s, [[fascia]], and muscles. (this type of pain is constant but weak)<ref name="Coda-2001">{{cite book |title=Bonica's management of pain |vauthors=Coda BA, Bonica JJ |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |year=2001 |isbn=978-0443056833 |veditors=Loeser D, Bonica JJ |edition=3 |location=Philadelphia |chapter=General considerations of acute pain |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/painmanagementin0000main |chapter-url-access=registration}}</ref>
*"deep visceral pain" is pain that originates from one of the body's organs. Deep pain is often very difficult to localize and occurs in multiple areas of the body when injured or inflamed. In the "deep visceral" type, the feeling of pain exists in a place far from the injury, for this reason it is also called vague pain.<ref name="Coda-2001" />