Editing Christian Pineau (section)

==Life and career==
Pineau was born in 1904 in [[Chaumont-en-Bassigny]], [[Haute-Marne]], [[France]].<ref name="nyt"/> His father was a colonel in the [[French Army]] died when he was a young child.<ref name="nyt"/> His mother married again to the French playwright [[Jean Giraudoux]].<ref name="nyt"/> Later, Christian Pineau would say that it was Giraudoux who gave him his love of writing.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}} He was educated at the [[École alsacienne]] in Paris and graduated with degrees in law and in political science.<ref name="Independent">{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-christian-pineau-1616867.html|title=OBITUARY : Christian Pineau|author=D.s. Bell|work=[[The Independent]]|date=23 April 1995}}</ref> In 1931 he joined the staff of the [[Bank of France]], and later worked for the [[Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas]].<ref name="Independent"/> In 1937 he founded the journal '' Banque et Bourse''.<ref name="Independent"/>

A [[World War II]] [[French Resistance]] leader who established a network called Phalanx, Pineau helped found the underground newspaper ''[[Libération (newspaper, 1941–1964)|Libération]]''.<ref name="nyt"/><ref name="Independent"/> He was a close ally of [[Charles de Gaulle]] and went on dangerous secret missions passing communications between occupied France and the [[Free France]] headquarters in London.<ref name="nyt"/> He was arrested by the ''[[Gestapo]]'' in September 1942 but escaped.<ref name="Independent"/> He was arrested again in 1943 and evaded a death sentence through forged identity papers which hid his true identity.<ref name="nyt"/> He was sent to the [[Buchenwald]] [[concentration camp]], and remained there until it was liberated by American soldiers in 1945.<ref name="nyt"/><ref name="Independent"/>

Pineau represented the [[Sarthe|Sarthe department]] as a [[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist]] in the [[French National Assembly]] from 1946 to 1958.<ref name="Independent"/> After the war, he served as a minister in French governments, 1945–1958.<ref name="Independent"/> He was minister of supply in [[Charles de Gaulle]]'s government (1945) and minister of public works (1947–1950) in various governments.<ref name="Independent"/>

[[File:Christian Pineau-David Ben Gurion 1959.jpg|250px|right|thumb|Christian Pineau meeting with [[David Ben-Gurion]] in Israel, January 1959]]
Pineau was finance minister for a short time in 1948.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}} He was designated as [[prime minister of France]] by President [[René Coty]] after the February 1955 resignation of [[Pierre Mendès-France]], but the National Assembly refused to ratify his cabinet by 312 votes against 268; his prime ministership lasted for two days between 17 and 19 February 1955.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

As [[Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs (France)|foreign minister]] (February 1956 – May 1958), Pineau was responsible for handling the [[Suez crisis]] and for signing the [[Treaty of Rome]] on behalf of France.<ref name="Independent"/> With [[Guy Mollet]], he visited [[Moscow]].{{citation needed|date=July 2021}} In October 1956, he signed the [[Protocol of Sèvres]] with [[Great Britain]] and [[Israel]] on behalf of France.<ref name="Independent"/>

Pineau was a lifelong advocate of [[European integration]].{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

Pineau is buried in the [[Père Lachaise Cemetery]], [[Paris]].{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}