Editing Christ Church, Oxford (section)

==History==
[[File:Hall of Christ Church College.jpg|left|upright|thumb|Hall of Christ Church]]
[[File:Oxford Library of Christ Church.jpg|thumb|Christ Church's library in the early 19th century]]
In 1525, at the height of his power, [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]] [[Thomas Wolsey]], [[Lord Chancellor]] of England and [[Archbishop of York]], suppressed [[St Frideswide's Priory]] in Oxford and founded Cardinal College on its lands, using funds from the dissolution of [[Wallingford Priory]] and [[Thomas Wolsey#Church reforms|other minor priories]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Willoughby|first1=James|title=Thomas Wolsey and the books of Cardinal College, Oxford|journal=Bodleian Library Record|date=October 2015|volume=28|issue=2|pages=114–134|url=http://www.wolseymanuscripts.ac.uk/research/thomas-wolsey-and-books-cardinal-college-oxford}}</ref> He planned the establishment on a magnificent scale, but fell from grace in 1529, with the buildings only three-quarters complete, as they were to remain for 140 years.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

In 1531 the college was itself suppressed, but it was refounded in 1532 as King Henry VIII's College by [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]], to whom Wolsey's property had [[escheat]]ed. Then in 1546 the King, who had broken from the [[Roman Catholic Church|Church of Rome]] and acquired great wealth through the dissolution of the monasteries in England, refounded the college as Christ Church as part of the reorganisation of the [[Church of England]], making the partially demolished priory church the cathedral of the recently created Diocese of Oxford.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

Christ Church's [[List of Oxbridge sister colleges|sister college]] in the University of Cambridge is [[Trinity College, Cambridge]], founded the same year by Henry VIII.  Since the time of [[Elizabeth I of England|Queen Elizabeth I]] the college has also been associated with [[Westminster School]]. The dean remains to this day an ''ex officio'' member of the school's governing body.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Governing Body – Westminster School|url=http://www.westminster.org.uk/westminster/about/the-governing-body/|website=Westminster School|access-date=6 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806181300/http://www.westminster.org.uk/westminster/about/the-governing-body/|archive-date=6 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://intranet.westminster.org.uk/lists/whoswho/governors.asp |title=Westminster School Intranet |publisher=Intranet.westminster.org.uk |access-date=2011-11-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120713102645/http://intranet.westminster.org.uk/lists/whoswho/governors.asp |archive-date=13 July 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

Major additions have been made to the buildings through the centuries, and Wolsey's Great Quadrangle was crowned with the famous [[Tom Tower|gate-tower]] designed by [[Christopher Wren]]. To this day, the bell in the tower, [[Great Tom (bell)|Great Tom]], is rung 101 times at 9&nbsp;pm measured by [[Oxford time]], meaning at 9:05&nbsp;pm [[GMT]]/[[British Summer Time|BST]] every night, once for each of the 100 original scholars of the college, plus one more stroke added in 1664. In former times this was done at midnight, signalling the close of all college gates throughout Oxford. Since it took 20&nbsp;minutes to ring the 101, the Christ Church gates, unlike those of other colleges, did not close until 12:20 am. When the ringing was moved back to 9:00&nbsp;pm, Christ Church gates still remained open until 12.20, 20&nbsp;minutes later than any other college. Although the clock itself now shows GMT/BST, Christ Church still follows Oxford time in the timings of services in the cathedral.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Horan |first1=David |title=Oxford: A Cultural and Literary Companion |date=1999 |page=19 |isbn=9781902669052 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wR8nb-LYHBMC&pg=PA19}}</ref>

[[Charles I of England|King Charles I]] made the Deanery his palace and held his Parliament in the Great Hall during the [[English Civil War]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chch.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/Visitor_Information-gb.pdf|title=A Brief History of Christ Church|access-date=2017-08-31}}</ref> In the evening of 29 May 1645, during the second [[siege of Oxford]], a "bullet of IX&nbsp;lb. weight" shot from the [[Roundhead|Parliamentarians]]' warning-piece at [[Marston, Oxfordshire|Marston]] fell against the wall of the north side of the Hall.<ref>{{cite book |last=Varley |first=Frederick John |title=The Siege of Oxford: An Account of Oxford during the Civil War, 1642–1646 |year=1932 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=128}}</ref>

Several of Christ Church's deans achieved high academic distinction, notably [[John Owen (theologian)|Owen]] under the [[English Commonwealth|Commonwealth]], [[Henry Aldrich|Aldrich]] and [[John Fell (bishop)|Fell]] in the [[English Restoration|Restoration]] period, [[Cyril Jackson (priest)|Jackson]] and [[Thomas Gaisford|Gaisford]] in the early 19th century and [[Henry Liddell|Liddell]] in the high Victorian era.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

For more than four centuries Christ Church admitted men only; the first female students at Christ Church matriculated in 1980.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=A Brief History of Christ Church |url=https://www.chch.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/Visitor_Information-gb.pdf |website=Christ Church, Oxford |access-date=29 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808183128/https://www.chch.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/Visitor_Information-gb.pdf |archive-date=8 August 2019}}</ref>