Editing Chipmunk (section)

==Taxonomy and systematics==
Chipmunks are classified as four genera: ''[[Tamias]]'', of which the [[eastern chipmunk]] (''T. striatus'') is the only living member; ''[[Eutamias]]'', of which the [[Siberian chipmunk]] (''E. sibiricus'') is the only living member; ''[[Nototamias]]'', which consists of three extinct species, and ''[[Neotamias]]'', which includes the 23 remaining, mostly western North American, species. These classifications were treated as subgenera due to the chipmunks' morphological similarities.<ref name=Patterson>{{cite journal |journal=Mammalia |year=2016 |volume=80 |issue=3 |pages=241–251 |title=Towards a uniform nomenclature for ground squirrels: the status of the Holarctic chipmunks |last1=Patterson|first1=Bruce D. |last2=Norris|first2=Ryan W. |doi=10.1515/mammalia-2015-0004 |s2cid=9955150 |url=https://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/~jacks/PattersonNorris.16.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608182301/https://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/~jacks/PattersonNorris.16.pdf |archive-date=2019-06-08 |url-status=live |access-date=2019-06-08}}</ref> As a result, most taxonomies over the twentieth century have placed the chipmunks into a single genus. Joseph C. Moore reclassified chipmunks to form a subtribe Tamiina in a 1959 study, and this classification has been supported by studies of [[mitochondrial DNA]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Moore |first=Joseph C. |date=1959-01-01 |title=Relationships among the living squirrels of the Sciurinae |journal=[[Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History]] |publisher=[[American Museum of Natural History]] |volume=118}}</ref><ref>{{Unbulleted list citebundle|{{cite web | url = http://nmnhgoph.si.edu/msw/ | title = Mammal Species of the World | access-date = 2007-06-27 | author = Wilson, D. E. |author2=D. M. Reeder | year = 2005 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070623030727/http://nmnhgoph.si.edu/msw/ |archive-date = 2007-06-23}}|{{cite journal|last1=Piaggio|first1= A. J. |last2= Spicer|first2= G. S.|year= 2001|title=Molecular phylogeny of the chipmunks inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome ''b'' and cytochrome oxidase II gene sequences|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume= 20|issue= 3 |pages= 335–350|url=http://online.sfsu.edu/~gs/spicer/pages/spicerpdf/piaggio01.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120823153636/http://online.sfsu.edu/~gs/spicer/pages/spicerpdf/piaggio01.pdf |archive-date=2012-08-23 |url-status=live|doi=10.1006/mpev.2001.0975|pmid= 11527462 |bibcode= 2001MolPE..20..335P |citeseerx= 10.1.1.330.9046 }}|{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution|volume= 7|issue=3|year=2000|title=Molecular Phylogeny of the Chipmunk Genus ''Tamias'' Based on the Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit II Gene|first1=Antoinette J.|last1=Piaggio|first2=Greg S. |last2=Spicer|url=http://userwww.sfsu.edu/~gs/spicer/pages/spicerpdf/piaggio00.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110913140312/http://userwww.sfsu.edu/~gs/spicer/pages/spicerpdf/piaggio00.pdf |archive-date=2011-09-13 |url-status=live|doi=10.1023/a:1009484302799|pages=147–166|s2cid= 7623018}}|{{cite journal|last1=Musser|first1= G. G.|last2=Durden|first2= L. A.|last3= Holden|first3= M. E.|last4= Light|first4= J. E.|year=2010|title=Systematic review of endemic Sulawesi squirrels (Rodentia, Sciuridae), with descriptions of new species of associated sucking lice (Insecta, Anoplura), and phylogenetic and zoogeographic assessments of sciurid lice|journal=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History|volume= 339|issue= 339|pages= 1–260|hdl= 2246/6067|doi= 10.1206/695.1|s2cid= 82712592|url= http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/2246/6067/1/B339.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430025925/http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/2246/6067/1/B339.pdf |archive-date=2018-04-30 |url-status=live}}}}</ref>

The common name originally may have been spelled "chitmunk", from the native [[Ottawa language|Odawa]] (Ottawa) word ''jidmoonh'', meaning "red squirrel" (''cf.'' [[Anishinaabe language#Anishinaabemowin|Ojibwe]] {{lang|oj|ᐊᒋᑕᒨ}} ''ajidamoo'').<ref>{{cite web|url=http://etymonline.com/index.php?term=chipmunk |title=Online Etymology Dictionary |publisher=Etymonline.com |access-date=7 December 2012}}</ref><ref>Nichols, John D. and Earl Nyholm (1995). ''A Concise Dictionary of Minnesota Ojibwe''. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.</ref> The earliest form cited in the ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]''  is "chipmonk", from 1842. Other early forms include "chipmuck" and "chipminck", and in the 1830s they were also referred to as "chip squirrels", probably in reference to the sound they make. In the mid-19th century, [[John James Audubon]] and his sons included a lithograph of the chipmunk in their ''Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America'', calling it the "chipping squirrel [or] hackee".<ref>{{Cite book  | last1 = Audubon  | first1 = John James  | last2 = Bachman  | first2 = John  | title = Imperial Collection of Audubon Mammals  | publisher = Bonanza Books, a division of [[Crown Publishing Group]]  | year = 1967  | location = New York  | page = 52}}</ref> Chipmunks have also been referred to as "ground squirrels"<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Ground-squirrel|volume=12|page=626}}</ref> (although the name "ground squirrel" may refer to other squirrels, such as those of the genus ''[[Spermophilus]]'').<ref name=Krystufek2013>{{cite journal | author1=Kryštufek, B. | author2=B. Vohralík | year=2013 | title=Taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic rodents (Rodentia). Part 2. Sciuridae: Urocitellus, Marmota and Sciurotamias | journal=Lynx, N. S. (Praha) | volume=44 | pages=22 }}</ref>