Editing Chinese characters (section)

== Development ==
{{Further|Proto-writing|History of writing}}
{{See also|Ideograph|Rebus}}
Chinese characters are accepted as representing one of four independent inventions of writing in human history.{{efn|Zev Handel lists:{{sfn|Handel|2019|p=1}} {{olist|Sumerian [[cuneiform]] emerging {{circa|3200&nbsp;BCE}}|[[Egyptian hieroglyphs]] emerging {{cx|3100&nbsp;BCE}}|Chinese characters emerging {{cx|13th century&nbsp;BCE}}|[[Maya script]] emerging {{cx|1&nbsp;CE}}}}}} In each instance, writing evolved from a system using two distinct types of [[ideograph]]s—either pictographs visually depicting objects or concepts, or fixed [[sign (semiotics)|sign]]s representing concepts only by shared convention. These systems are classified as [[proto-writing]], because the techniques they used were insufficient to carry the meaning of spoken language by themselves.{{sfn|Qiu|2000|p=2}}

Various innovations were required for Chinese characters to emerge from proto-writing. Firstly, pictographs became distinct from simple pictures in use and appearance—for example, the pictograph {{hani|大}}, meaning 'large', was originally a picture of a large man, but one would need to be aware of its specific meaning in order to interpret the sequence {{hani|大鹿}} as signifying 'large deer', rather than being a picture of a large man and a deer next to one another. Due to this process of abstraction, as well as to make characters easier to write, pictographs gradually became more simplified and regularized—often to the extent that the original objects represented are no longer obvious.{{sfn|Qiu|2000|pp=3–4}}

This proto-writing system was limited to representing a relatively narrow range of ideas with a comparatively small library of symbols. This compelled innovations that allowed for symbols which indicated elements of spoken language directly.{{sfn|Qiu|2000|p=5}} In each historical case, this was accomplished by some form of the [[rebus]] technique, where the symbol for a word is used to indicate a different word with a similar pronunciation, depending on context.{{sfnm|Norman|1988|1p=59|Li|2020|2p=48}} This allowed for words that lacked a plausible pictographic representation to be written down for the first time. This technique preempted more sophisticated methods of character creation that would further expand the lexicon. The process whereby writing emerged from proto-writing took place over a long period; when the purely pictorial use of symbols disappeared, leaving only those representing spoken words, the process was complete.{{sfn|Qiu|2000|pp=11, 16}}