Editing Chesterfield, Missouri (section)

== History ==
===Ancient history===
Present-day Chesterfield is known to have been a site of [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] inhabitation for thousands of years. A site in western Chesterfield containing artwork and carvings has been dated as 4,000 years old.<ref name="stltoday1">{{cite web|author=Mary Shapiro |url=http://www.stltoday.com/suburban-journals/metro/news/new-book-uncovers-chesterfield-s-ancient-past/article_c68290c7-ec8f-5a66-bc80-9ee9aaedec9c.html |title=New book uncovers Chesterfield's ancient past : Sj |publisher=Stltoday.com |access-date=2013-04-13}}</ref> A [[Mississippian culture|Mississippian]] site, dated to around the year 1000, containing the remains of what have been identified as a market and ceremonial center, is also located in modern Chesterfield.<ref name="stltoday1" />

===Historical communities===
{{unreferenced section|date=May 2023}}
The present-day city of Chesterfield is made up of several smaller historical communities, including:
* Bellefontaine (French for "beautiful spring"), or as the locals called it, "Hilltown", dates to about 1837 with the arrival of August Hill. The first post office was established as Bellemonte ("beautiful mountain") in 1851. Eighteen years later, in 1869, the town and post office name were both changed to Bellefontaine. Rinkel's Market was a familiar landmark for years, at the intersection of present-day Olive Boulevard and Chesterfield Parkway.
* The town of Lake started out as "Hog Hollow," in about 1850. The post office was established as Hog Hollow in 1871, but a year later the town's name was changed to what some thought was the more suitable name of Lake. Zierenberg's General Merchandise and Saloon (built around 1880) was a well-known landmark at the 18-mile marker on Olive Street Road. The original structure was destroyed by fire in 1918. It was replaced by the existing structure on the same site (Olive Boulevard and Hog Hollow Road).
* Gumbo is located in the valley at the present intersection of Chesterfield Airport Road and Long Road. A notable landmark (until it was razed in 1998) was the old Twenty Five Mile House - so named because of its distance from downtown St. Louis. Gumbo's name derived from its soil, which though very rich and silty, when wet became gumbo mud. A substance very similar to gravel was made from Gumbo mud and used for streets and sidewalks in Forest Park during the 1904 World's Fair. Gumbo's post office operated from 1882 to 1907.
* Monarch (earlier called Atherton, then Eatherton) was one of the settlements that sprang up along the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific rail line when it came through the valley in the late 1870s. William Sutton's General Store stood on the northwest corner of Eatherton and Centaur Roads. Their post office operated from 1895 to 1907, when the mail was transferred to Chesterfield. A well-known residence in Monarch was named "The Shadows"; it still survives, with a commanding view from its bluff site.
* Bonhomme, which is French for "good man," is located at the extreme western end of Olive Street Road. It had a blacksmith shop, grist mill, store, post office and Fenn's saw mill; but it was all washed away in the late 19th century by the Missouri River. Bonhomme was a popular name in St. Louis County; with Bonhomme streets, roads, creeks, churches and townships still so-named. However, this Bonhomme is the only one that ever had its own post office.

===1967 tornado===
{{main|1967 St. Louis tornado outbreak}}
On January 24, 1967, a violent [[Fujita scale|F4]] [[tornado]] ripped a {{convert|21|mi|km|adj=on}} path of destruction across St. Louis County. It was the fourth-worst tornado to hit the St. Louis metro area and the most recent F4 tornado to hit the city. The tornado developed near the Chesterfield Manor nursing home and then moved through River Bend Estates and across northeast St. Louis County.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.crh.noaa.gov/lsx/?n=jan241967tornado |title=January 24th 1967 F4 Tornado St. Louis County |publisher=Crh.noaa.gov |access-date=2013-04-13}}</ref>

===Incorporation as Chesterfield===
The name "Chesterfield" was given by landowner Justus Post who arrived in Missouri in 1815 and began amassing an estate in the location of the present-day city. Post had grown up in Vermont, not far from the town of [[Chesterfield, New Hampshire]], which sits on the border between New Hampshire and Vermont. Although Post eventually left Missouri and moved to Illinois, his chosen placename of "Chesterfield" stuck.<ref>{{cite web|title=Historic Families of Chesterfield|url=https://www.chesterfield.mo.us/history.html|website=Chesterfield, Missouri|publisher=City of Chesterfield, Missouri|access-date=7 Feb 2023}}</ref>

For many years, "Chesterfield" was an all-inclusive place-name for a vast, unincorporated sub-region of western St. Louis County (called "West County" by metro area residents) containing the unincorporated historical communities listed above, plus areas now [[Municipal corporation|incorporated]] as cities of their own (e.g., [[Ballwin, Missouri|Ballwin]]). Police and fire protection in the community were fragmented and sporadic, the former provided by St. Louis County. As the population grew, [[Chesterfield Mall]] and other retail and commercial real estate developments sprang up; however, many residents were concerned about the lack of quality public services, and that the municipal sales tax benefited the county instead of the community.{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}

An organization was formed calling itself the "Chesterfield Incorporation Study Committee." Headed by its president, John A. Nuetzel (himself a former president of the River Bend Association, a zoning watchdog group), the members "passed the hat" at neighborhood meetings, engaged legal help, drew up metes and bounds, and forced several failed public votes for incorporation. After a number of years, in 1988, The City of Chesterfield was finally established by its residents and their families, and has thrived as perhaps West County's premier residential, business, retail, and transportation center.{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}

[[File:Satellite image of Missouri River during Great Flood of 1993.jpg|thumb|Satellite image of Missouri River during Great Flood of 1993.]]

===Flood of 1993===
{{Main|Great Flood of 1993}}
On July 30, 1993, the levee that protected Gumbo Flats (now known as the Chesterfield Valley) from the [[Missouri River]] failed.<ref name ="patchflood">{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Frank|title=Flood of 1993: How Gumbo Flats Became the Chesterfield Valley|url=http://patch.com/missouri/chesterfield/flood-of-1993-how-gumbo-flats-became-the-chesterfield-valley|access-date=8 May 2015|work=Patch|date=15 July 2013}}</ref> This was the first time the levee had failed since 1935.<ref>{{cite web|title=Flood of 93|url=http://www.chesterfield.mo.us/flood-of-1993-video.html|website=Chesterfield, Missouri|publisher=City of Chesterfield, Missouri|access-date=8 May 2015}}</ref> The town was told to evacuate, and the whole area of Gumbo Flats was flooded by feet of water. Today, the area has become the Chesterfield Commons retail area.<ref name ="patchflood" />

===Scientific history===
At the [[Chesterfield Village Research Center]] the first work on genetically-modified organisms took place, with the first [[genetically modified potato]] being grown on 2 June 1987.