Editing Chesapeake, Virginia (section)

==History==
[[Image:Norfolk.jpg|upright=1.2|left|thumb|[[Norfolk County, Virginia]] (from 1895 map), existed from 1691 to 1963, now extinct]]
In 1963, the new [[independent city (United States)|independent city]] of Chesapeake was created when the former independent city of [[South Norfolk, Virginia|South Norfolk]] consolidated with [[Norfolk County, Virginia|Norfolk County]]. The consolidation was approved, and the new name selected by the voters of each community by referendum and authorized by the [[Virginia General Assembly]].

Formed in 1691 in the [[Virginia Colony]], Norfolk County had originally included essentially all the area which became the towns and later cities of [[Norfolk, Virginia|Norfolk]], [[Portsmouth, Virginia|Portsmouth]], and South Norfolk. Its area was reduced after 1871 as these cities added territory through annexations. Becoming an independent city was a method for the former county to stabilize borders with neighbors, as cities could not annex territory from each other.

The relatively small city of South Norfolk had become an [[incorporated town]] within Norfolk County in 1919 and became an independent city in 1922. Its residents wanted to make a change to put their jurisdiction on a more equal footing in other aspects with the much larger cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth. In addition, by the late 1950s, although immune from annexation by the bigger cities, South Norfolk was close to losing all the county land adjoining it to the city of Norfolk in another annexation suit.

The consolidation that resulted in the city of Chesapeake was part of a wave of changes in the structure of local government in [[Hampton Roads|southeastern Virginia]] which took place between 1952 and 1975.

The Chesapeake region was among the first areas settled in the state's [[Virginia Colony|colonial era]], when settlement started from the coast. Along Chesapeake's segment of the [[Intracoastal Waterway]], where the [[Great Bridge, Virginia|Great Bridge]] [[Lock (water transport)|locks]] marks the transition between the [[Southern Branch Elizabeth River]] and the [[Chesapeake and Albemarle Canal]], lies the site of the [[Battle of Great Bridge]]. Fought on December 9, 1775, in the early days of the [[American Revolutionary War]], the battle resulted in the removal of [[Lord Dunmore]] and all vestiges of English Government from the Colony and Dominion of Virginia.
[[File:Dismal Swamp01.jpg|thumb|Photograph of [[Lake Drummond]], [[Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge]], Virginia]]

Until the late 1980s and early 1990s, much of Chesapeake was either suburban or rural, serving as a [[bedroom community]] of the adjacent cities of [[Norfolk, Virginia|Norfolk]] and [[Virginia Beach, Virginia|Virginia Beach]] with residents commuting to these locations. Beginning in the late 1980s and accelerating in the 1990s, however, Chesapeake saw significant growth, attracting numerous and significant industries and businesses of its own. This explosive growth quickly led to strains on the municipal infrastructure, ranging from intrusion of saltwater into the city's water supply to congested roads and schools.

Chesapeake made national headlines in 2003 when, under a court-ordered [[change of venue]], the community hosted the first trial of alleged [[Beltway sniper attacks|Beltway sniper]] [[Lee Boyd Malvo]] for shootings in 2002. A jury convicted him of murder but spared him a potential [[capital punishment|death sentence]]; it chose a sentence of "life in prison without parole" for the young man, who was 17 years old at the time of the crime spree. A jury in neighboring Virginia Beach convicted his older partner [[John Allen Muhammad]] and sentenced him to death for another of the attacks.

On November 22, 2022, [[2022 Chesapeake shooting|a mass shooting]] occurred in a [[Walmart]] off of [[Battlefield Boulevard]] in Chesapeake. Seven people were killed, including the gunman who committed suicide, and four others were injured.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reese |first=Brian |date=November 22, 2022 |title=Police: Multiple fatalities, injuries reported in shooting at Chesapeake Walmart |url=https://www.wavy.com/news/local-news/chesapeake/police-respond-to-shooting-at-chesapeake-walmart/ |access-date=November 23, 2022 |website=[[WAVY-TV]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/11/22/us/chesapeake-virginia-walmart-shooting/index.html|title=The Walmart manager who killed 6 people just started spraying bullets in the break room, employee says|last=Yan|first=Holly|date=November 23, 2022|website=[[CNN]]|access-date=November 23, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/23/us/chesapeake-shooting-walmart-virginia.html|title=6 People are fatally shot at a Walmart in Virginia, the authorities say|last=Medina|first=Eduardo|date=November 23, 2022|website=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=November 23, 2022}}</ref>