Editing Cherokee County, Texas (section)

==History==

===Native Americans===
[[File:Caddo Mound TX.jpg|thumb|left|Caddo Mounds at the [[Caddo Mounds State Historic Site]] in Cherokee County]]
The [[Hasinai]] group of the [[Caddo]] tribe built a village in the area in around AD 800<ref>{{Handbook of Texas|name=Caddoan Mounds State Historic Site|id=ghc01|author=Long, Christopher and Standifer, Mary M|retrieved=May 4, 2010}} Texas State Historical Association</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Caddo Mounds |url=http://www.visitcaddomounds.com/index.aspx?page=389 |publisher=Texas State Historical Association |access-date=May 4, 2010}} Texas State Historical Association</ref> and continued to live in the area until the 1830s, when they migrated to the [[Brazos River]]. The federal government moved them to the Brazos Indian Reservation in 1855 and later to Oklahoma.

The [[Cherokee]], [[Delaware]], [[Shawnee]], and [[Kickapoo people|Kickapoo]] Native American peoples began settling in the area around 1820. The [[Texas Cherokee]] tried unsuccessfully to gain a grant to their own land from the [[Mexican Texas|Mexican]] government.

[[Sam Houston]], adopted son of Chief Oolooteka ([[John Jolly]]) of the Cherokee, negotiated the January 14, 1836, treaty between [[The Bowl (Cherokee chief)|Chief Bowl]]<ref>{{cite web | title=Houston, Sam | publisher=The Sam Houston Memorial Museum | url=http://www.shsu.edu/~smm_www/History/ | access-date=May 4, 2010 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100524144101/http://www.shsu.edu/~smm_www/History/ | archive-date=May 24, 2010}} The Sam Houston Memorial Museum</ref> of the Cherokee and the [[Republic of Texas]].<ref>{{cite web | title=The Texas Cherokee | publisher=R. Edward Moore and Texarch Associates | url=http://www.texasindians.com/cherokee.htm | access-date=May 4, 2010}} R. Edward Moore and Texarch Associates</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Houston, Sam | publisher=PBS | url=https://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/d_h/houston.htm | access-date=May 4, 2010}}</ref> On December 16, 1837, the Texas Senate declared the treaty null and void,<ref>{{Handbook of Texas | name=Cherokee War| id= qdc01| author= | retrieved=May 4, 2010}} Texas State Historical Association</ref> and encroachment upon Cherokee lands continued. On October 5, 1838, Indians massacred members of [[Killough Massacre|the Isaac Killough family]]<ref>{{Handbook of Texas | name=Killough Massacre| id= btk01| author=Long, Christopher | retrieved=May 4, 2010}} Texas State Historical Association</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=A Monument to the Killough Massacre | publisher=Texas Escapes - Blueprints For Travel, LLC. | url=http://www.texasescapes.com/Ghosts/Killough-Massacre.htm| author=Whitington, Mitchell | access-date=May 4, 2010}} Texas Escapes - Blueprints For Travel, LLC.</ref> at their farm northwest of the site of present [[Jacksonville, Texas|Jacksonville]], leading to the [[Battle of the Neches|Cherokee War of 1839]] and the expulsion of some to Oklahoma. Some went to [[Monclova]] in Mexico, and some to [[Rusk County, Texas|Rusk]] and [[Gregg County, Texas|Gregg]] counties (many had relatives among the [[Choctaw]]/[[Chickasaw]]/[[Muscogee|Creek]] community there). Later, in 1844, [[President Polk]] issued an executive order known as "The Right to return", allowing many Cherokee to return to Texas. Some came to what is now Cherokee County.

===Early exploration and settlers===
[[Domingo Terán de los Ríos]]<ref>{{Handbook of Texas | name=Terán de los Ríos, Domingo| id= fte13| author=Blake, Robert Bruce | retrieved=May 4, 2010}} Texas State Historical Association</ref> and Father Damián Massanet<ref>{{Handbook of Texas | name=Massanet, Father Damian| id= fma71| author=Chipman, Donald E | retrieved=May 4, 2010}} Texas State Historical Association</ref> explored the area on behalf of [[Spain]] in 1691. [[Louis Juchereau de St. Denis]]<ref>{{Handbook of Texas | name=St. Denis, Louis Juchereau de | id= fst01| author=Chipman, Donald E and Lemee, Patricia R | retrieved=May 4, 2010}} Texas State Historical Association</ref> began trading with the Hasinais in 1705. [[Nuestro Padre San Francisco de los Tejas]]<ref>{{Handbook of Texas | name=Nuestro Padre San Francisco de los Tejas Mission| id= uqn01| author=| retrieved=May 4, 2010}} Texas State Historical Association</ref> was originally established in 1690, but was re-established in 1716 by Captain [[Domingo Ramon (explorer)|Domingo Ramon]]. It was abandoned again because of French incursions and re-established in 1721 by the Marques de San Miguel de Aguyao.

In 1826, empresario [[David G. Burnet]] received a grant from the [[Coahuila y Tejas]] legislature to settle 300 families.<ref>{{cite web| title=Empresario Contracts in the Colonization of Texas 1825-1834| publisher=Texas A & M University| url=http://www.tamu.edu/ccbn/dewitt/empresarios.htm| access-date=May 4, 2010| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100615055417/http://www.tamu.edu/ccbn/dewitt/empresarios.htm| archive-date=June 15, 2010}} Wallace L. McKeehan,</ref> The settlers were mostly from the Southern states, and brought the lifestyle of that region with them. By contracting how many families each grantee could settle, the government sought to have some control over colonization.

===County established and growth===
[[Image:Cherokee County Veterans Monument, Jacksonville, TX IMG 3005.JPG|200px|right|thumb|Cherokee Veterans Monument in [[Jacksonville, Texas|Jacksonville]], Texas]]
Cherokee County was formed from land given by [[Nacogdoches County, Texas|Nacogdoches County]] in 1846.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rlxFHFdF3_gC&q=Arp%2C+Texas&pg=PT568 | title=Texas Almanac 2012–2013 | publisher=Texas A&M University Press | date=November 8, 2011 | access-date=November 17, 2013 | author=Alvarez, Elizabeth Cruce | pages=Contents| isbn=9780876112571}}</ref> It was organized in the same year. The town of [[Rusk, Texas|Rusk]] became the [[county seat]]. Cherokee County voted in favor of [[Texas in the American Civil War|secession]] from the [[Union (Civil War)|Union]], during the build-up to the [[American Civil War]].

In 1872, the [[International – Great Northern Railroad]]<ref>{{Handbook of Texas | name=International-Great Northern Railroad | id= eqi04| author=Werner, George C | retrieved=May 4, 2010}} Texas State Historical Association</ref> caused [[Jacksonville, Texas|Jacksonville]]<ref>{{cite web | title=Jacksonville, Texas | publisher=Texas Escapes - Blueprints For Travel, LLC. | url=http://www.texasescapes.com/EastTexasTowns/Jacksonville-Texas.htm| access-date=May 4, 2010}} Texas Escapes - Blueprints For Travel, LLC.</ref> to relocate two miles east, to be near the tracks. The Kansas and Gulf Short Line Railway<ref>{{cite web | title=Kansas and Gulf Short Railway | publisher=History Map.com | url=http://www.history-map.com/picture/004/Kansas-Short-Gulf-Line.htm| access-date=May 4, 2010}}</ref> was built north-to-south through the county between 1882 and 1885. The [[Texas and New Orleans Railroad]]<ref>{{Handbook of Texas | name=Texas and New Orleans Railroad | id= eqt06| author=Williams, Howard C| retrieved=May 4, 2010}} Texas State Historical Association</ref> in 1905, and the [[Texas State Railroad]]<ref>{{Handbook of Texas | name=Texas State Railroad | id= eqt16| author=Richards, Amy| retrieved=May 4, 2010}} Texas State Historical Association</ref> in 1910, each gave rise to new county towns along their tracks.