Editing Cherbourg (section)

==Geography==
===Location===
[[File:Cotentin Peninsula.jpg|thumb|right|A map of the Cotentin peninsula, with Cherbourg to the north]]
Cherbourg is located at the northern tip of the [[Cotentin Peninsula]], in the [[departments of France|department]] of [[Manche]], of which it is a [[Subprefectures in France|subprefecture]]. At the time of the [[INSEE|1999 census]] the city of Cherbourg had an area of {{convert|6.91|km²|3|abbr=out}}, while the city of Octeville had an area of {{convert|7.35|km²|3|abbr=on}}. The largest city in the Department of Manche, it is the result of the merger of the communes of Cherbourg and Octeville. The [[amalgamation (politics)|amalgamated]] city today has an area of {{convert|14.26|km²|3|abbr=on}}. Cherbourg is situated at the mouth of the {{Interlanguage link|Divette (river)|fr|3=Divette (fleuve)|lt=Divette}} and at the south of the bay between {{Interlanguage link|Cap Lévi|fr}} to the east and [[La Hague|Cap de La Hague]] to the west, Cherbourg-Octeville is {{convert|120|km|mi|abbr=on}} from the English coast.

Cherbourg and Octeville-sur-Cherbourg once belonged to the [[deanery]] of La Hague, delimited by the Divette. In 1786, a part of [[Équeurdreville-Hainneville|Equeurdreville]] joined Cherbourg, during the construction of the port, and then in 1802, a portion of Octeville. Since 1811, the "[[:wikt:mielle|mielles]]" [dunes] of Tourlaville, commune of the deanery of [[Val de Saire|Saire]], are integrated into the Cherbourg territory known as the quarter of Val-de-Saire where the {{Interlanguage link|Centre hospitalier public du Cotentin|fr|3=Centre hospitalier public du Cotentin|lt=Pasteur Hospital}} and the Saint-Clement Church<ref>{{cite book|title=Histoire de la ville de Cherbourg de {{Interlanguage link|Jean-Thomas Voisin-La-Hougue|fr|3=Jean-Thomas Voisin-La-Hougue|lt=Voisin La Hougue}}, continuée depuis 1728 jusqu'à 1835, par Vérusmor|language=fr|trans-title=History of the city of Cherbourg from Voisin-La-Hougue, continued from 1728 until 1835, by Verusmor|location=Cherbourg|publisher=Boulanger|year=1855|page=272}}</ref> were built. Thus, Cherbourg-Octeville lies both in La Hague and in the Val de Saire.<ref>{{cite book|first=Jean|last=Fleury|author-link=Jean Fleury|title=Essai sur le patois normand de la Hague|language=fr|trans-title=Essay on the Norman dialect of la Hague|publisher=Maisonneuve frères et C. Leclerc|year=1886|pages=363–64}}</ref>

Like all Chantereyne and the area of the Mielles, the Cherbourg territory was reclaimed from the sea. Built at the level of the sea, the town developed at the foot of the Roule mountain (highest point of the old town) and la Fauconnière. Octeville is a former rural municipality, composed of hamlets, whose settlement extended from the 19th century and whose territory is highly urbanised since 1950, especially around the {{Interlanguage link|Zone à urbaniser en priorité|fr|3=Zone à urbaniser en priorité|lt=ZUP}} of the provinces and the university campus.

The bordering communes are [[Tourlaville]] to the east, [[Équeurdreville-Hainneville]] to the west, [[La Glacerie]] to the south and southeast, [[Martinvast]] to the south, and [[Nouainville]] and [[Sideville]] to the south-west.

===Geology===
[[File:Montagne-du-roule.jpg|thumb|right|The Montagne du Roule seen from the commercial harbour.]]
Located at the end of the [[Armorican Massif]], Cherbourg retains traces of the geologic formation, deformed [[granite]]s and [[Metamorphic rock|metamorphic]] [[schist]]s of the [[Precambrian]] of [[Variscan orogeny|Hercynian orogeny]] by the folding of the [[arkose]]s of the [[Cambrian]] and Armorican sandstone and shale of the [[Ordovician]]. These folds result in layers of sandstone tilted 45° towards the north-east on la Fauconniere (including "[[La Roche qui pend]]" ['the hanging rock']) and the {{Interlanguage link|Montagne du Roule|fr}}.<ref>''roule'' is the medieval name of the sandstone</ref> These two cliffs are due to sea erosion in the [[Quaternary]]. The retreat of the sea then gave way to sand dunes and tidal marshes, destroyed by the urbanisation of the 17th and 19th centuries, identical to those of Collignon in Tourlaville.<ref name=pedestre>{{cite web|url=http://www.cuc-cherbourg.fr/Pages/telechargement/telechargement/guide_sentiers_pietons.pdf|title=Sentiers piétons|work={{Interlanguage link|Communauté urbaine de Cherbourg|fr}}|access-date=5 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923211744/http://www.cuc-cherbourg.fr/Pages/telechargement/telechargement/guide_sentiers_pietons.pdf|archive-date=23 September 2015|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

These rocks in the soil have been used for centuries in several ways: Crushed granite extracted in [[Querqueville]] and [[arkose]]s of Becquet, have been used for the manufacture of rubble ({{Interlanguage link|moellon|fr}}) and blocks squared for [[lintel]]s. The [[greenschist]], whose colour comes from [[Chlorite group|chlorite]] and [[sericite]], are used mainly for roofing in Nord-Cotentin, but also masonry in Cherbourg. The Armorican [[sandstone]] of the Montagne du Roule is used for rubble and rockfill. Most of the many quarries, which opened in the metropolitan area for building the [[Cherbourg Harbour|harbour wall]], are now closed.<ref name=pedestre />

===Hydrography===
Cherbourg is bordered by the sea. The construction of the port of trade, from 1769, accompanied by the diversion of the {{Interlanguage link|Divette (river)|fr|3=Divette (fleuve)|lt=Divette}} (the mouth of which was located at the current exit of Port Chantereyne) and the Trottebec (from the territory of Tourlaville) gathered in the ''canal de retenue'', along the ''Avenue de Paris'' and ''Rue du Val-de-Saire''.

The streams of the Bucaille and the Fay, which watered the ''Croûte du Homet'', disappeared in the 18th century<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cuc-cherbourg.fr/Pages/atlas_cuc/Pages/donnees_historiques/cherbourg_1700.htm|title=Cherbourg en 1700|language=fr|trans-title=Cherbourg in 1700|access-date=3 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923211739/http://www.cuc-cherbourg.fr/Pages/atlas_cuc/Pages/donnees_historiques/cherbourg_1700.htm|archive-date=23 September 2015|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> during the construction of the military port.

===Climate===
Cherbourg has a temperate [[oceanic climate]]. Its maritime character causes high humidity (84%) and a strong sea wind, commonly [[storm]]y but also low seasonal variations of temperature and few days of frost (7.3).<ref name="infoclimat">{{cite web|url=http://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie-07020-cap-de-la-hague.html|title=Cap de la Hague, 1961-1990|language=fr|trans-title=Cap de la Hague, 1961-1990|work=Infoclimat|access-date=5 September 2015}}</ref> The combined effect of the wind and the tides can generate a rapid change of weather in a single day, with sun and rain which can be a few hours apart.<ref name="meteofrance">{{cite web|url=http://www.meteofrance.com/FR/climat/dpt_tempsdumois.jsp?LIEUID=DEPT50|title=Caractéristique du département de la Manche|language=fr|trans-title=Characteristic of the Manche Department|work=Météo France|access-date=5 September 2015|archive-date=28 October 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071028105432/http://www.meteofrance.com/FR/climat/dpt_tempsdumois.jsp?LIEUID=DEPT50|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The influence of the [[Gulf Stream]] and the mildness of the winter allow the naturalisation of many Mediterranean and exotic plants ([[mimosa]]s, [[palm (plant)|palm]]s, [[agave]]s, etc.) which are present in the public and private gardens of the city, despite average insolation.<ref name=meteofrance /> The climate is similar to areas much further north in [[Great Britain]] and Ireland due to the moderation. Summers are far cooler than expected by French standards.

{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y 
|collapsed = Y
|location =  Cherbourg-Homet, elevation {{convert|19|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2014 normals, extremes 1968–2014)
|Jan record high C = 16.5
|Feb record high C = 19.8
|Mar record high C = 22.6
|Apr record high C = 25.2
|May record high C = 29.5
|Jun record high C = 32.2
|Jul record high C = 31.0
|Aug record high C = 34.2
|Sep record high C = 31.4
|Oct record high C = 30.0
|Nov record high C = 19.4
|Dec record high C = 16.0
|Jan record low C = -8.6
|Feb record low C = -8.0
|Mar record low C = -1.0
|Apr record low C = 0.6
|May record low C = 0.6
|Jun record low C = 5.8
|Jul record low C = 9.0
|Aug record low C = 9.2
|Sep record low C = 6.4
|Oct record low C = 1.5
|Nov record low C = -3.5
|Dec record low C = -4.8
|Jan high C = 9.4
|Feb high C = 9.4
|Mar high C = 11.1
|Apr high C = 12.9
|May high C = 15.4
|Jun high C = 18.4
|Jul high C = 20.2
|Aug high C = 20.7
|Sep high C = 19.0
|Oct high C = 16.2
|Nov high C = 12.6
|Dec high C = 10.0
| year high C = 14.6
|Jan mean C = 7.4
|Feb mean C = 7.3
|Mar mean C = 8.7
|Apr mean C = 10.2
|May mean C = 12.7
|Jun mean C = 15.4
|Jul mean C = 17.3
|Aug mean C = 17.9
|Sep mean C = 16.4
|Oct mean C = 13.8
|Nov mean C = 10.5
|Dec mean C = 8.0
| year mean C = 12.1
|Jan low C = 5.4
|Feb low C = 5.1
|Mar low C = 6.3
|Apr low C = 7.5
|May low C = 9.9
|Jun low C = 12.4
|Jul low C = 14.5
|Aug low C = 15.1
|Sep low C = 13.8
|Oct low C = 11.5
|Nov low C = 8.5
|Dec low C = 6.0
| year low C = 9.7
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 105.4
|Feb precipitation mm = 80.5
|Mar precipitation mm = 65.8
|Apr precipitation mm = 63.2
|May precipitation mm = 54.8
|Jun precipitation mm = 51.8
|Jul precipitation mm = 48.4
|Aug precipitation mm = 51.7
|Sep precipitation mm = 66.6
|Oct precipitation mm = 115.1
|Nov precipitation mm = 121.6
|Dec precipitation mm = 139.0
|year precipitation mm = 
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 14.5
| Feb precipitation days = 11.6
| Mar precipitation days = 9.7
| Apr precipitation days = 10.1
| May precipitation days = 8.3
| Jun precipitation days = 8.2
| Jul precipitation days = 8.3
| Aug precipitation days = 8.3
| Sep precipitation days = 9.4
| Oct precipitation days = 14.5
| Nov precipitation days = 15.9
| Dec precipitation days = 16.2
| year precipitation days =134.8
|source 1 = Meteociel<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.meteociel.fr/obs/clim/normales_records.php?code=50129001
|title=Normales et records pour Cherbourg-Homet (50)
|publisher=Meteociel
|access-date=16 November 2024}}</ref>}}

{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y 
|collapsed = Y
|location =  Cherbourg ([[Gonneville, Manche|Gonneville]]), elevation {{convert|134|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present)
|Jan record high C = 14.9
|Feb record high C = 18.9
|Mar record high C = 23.7
|Apr record high C = 23.9
|May record high C = 28.6
|Jun record high C = 31.7
|Jul record high C = 33.7
|Aug record high C = 33.4
|Sep record high C = 29.4
|Oct record high C = 27.0
|Nov record high C = 20.8
|Dec record high C = 15.9
|Jan record low C = -12.3
|Feb record low C = -9.9
|Mar record low C = -4.6
|Apr record low C = -3.1
|May record low C = 0.1
|Jun record low C = 2.9
|Jul record low C = 6.0
|Aug record low C = 6.3
|Sep record low C = 3.5
|Oct record low C = -0.6
|Nov record low C = -4.0
|Dec record low C = -8.8
|Jan high C = 8.2
|Feb high C = 8.4
|Mar high C = 10.2
|Apr high C = 12.5
|May high C = 15.2
|Jun high C = 18.1
|Jul high C = 20.0
|Aug high C = 20.2
|Sep high C = 18.2
|Oct high C = 15.1
|Nov high C = 11.4
|Dec high C = 9.0
| year high C = 13.9
|Jan mean C = 6.0
|Feb mean C = 6.0
|Mar mean C = 7.5
|Apr mean C = 9.3
|May mean C = 12.0
|Jun mean C = 14.6
|Jul mean C = 16.5
|Aug mean C = 16.8
|Sep mean C = 15.1
|Oct mean C = 12.3
|Nov mean C = 9.0
|Dec mean C = 6.8
| year mean C = 11.0
|Jan low C = 3.9
|Feb low C = 3.6
|Mar low C = 4.8
|Apr low C = 6.1
|May low C = 8.7
|Jun low C = 11.2
|Jul low C = 13.1
|Aug low C = 13.4
|Sep low C = 12.0
|Oct low C = 9.6
|Nov low C = 6.7
|Dec low C = 4.6
| year low C = 8.1
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 101.7
|Feb precipitation mm = 75.1
|Mar precipitation mm = 64.8
|Apr precipitation mm = 60.4
|May precipitation mm = 56.7
|Jun precipitation mm = 51.8
|Jul precipitation mm = 48.5
|Aug precipitation mm = 62.0
|Sep precipitation mm = 69.1
|Oct precipitation mm = 111.5
|Nov precipitation mm = 113.5
|Dec precipitation mm = 125.3
|year precipitation mm = 940.4
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 14.7
| Feb precipitation days = 12.0
| Mar precipitation days = 10.9
| Apr precipitation days = 9.8
| May precipitation days = 9.4
| Jun precipitation days = 8.4
| Jul precipitation days = 8.2
| Aug precipitation days = 9.1
| Sep precipitation days = 10.0
| Oct precipitation days = 15.2
| Nov precipitation days = 16.2
| Dec precipitation days = 16.3
| year precipitation days =140.2
|source 1 = Meteociel<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.meteociel.fr/obs/clim/normales_records.php?code=50209001
|title=Normales et records pour Gonneville (50)
|publisher=Meteociel
|access-date=16 November 2024}}</ref>}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%" border="1"
|+ Comparison of weather conditions
!City
!Sunshine (hrs/yr)
!Rain (mm/yr)
!Snow (days/yr)
!Storm (days/yr)
!Fog (days/yr)
|-style="background: #D1E8FF"
|Cherbourg-Octeville<ref name="infoclimat" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.meteopassion.com/ensoleillement-annuel.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090422001543/http://www.meteopassion.com/ensoleillement-annuel.php |url-status=usurped |archive-date=22 April 2009 |title=Carte de l'ensoleillement annuel en France |language=fr|trans-title=Map of the annual sunshine in France|work=Météo Passion|access-date= 5 September 2015}}</ref>
|1538
|692.3
|5.1
|5.3
|26.6
|-
|National Average
|1973
|770
|14
|22
|40
|-
|[[Paris]]
|1661
|637
|12
|18
|10
|-
|[[Nice]]
|2724
|733
|1
|29
|1
|-
|[[Strasbourg]]
|1693
|665
|29
|29
|53
|-
|[[Brest, France|Brest]]
|1605
|1211
|7
|12
|75
|}

===Routes of communication and transport===
====Road====
Historically, Cherbourg is at the western end of [[Route nationale 13]], which runs through the city by the "Rouges Terres" and the ''Avenue de Paris'', from [[La Glacerie]]. In the 1990s, a deviation from the road, now European routes [[European route E03|E03]] and [[European route E46|E46]], referred traffic through La Glacerie and [[Tourlaville]] on a three-way axis from La Glacerie, to the Penesme roundabout at Tourlaville and then a dual carriageway to a roundabout located between Collignon Beach and the ''Port des Flamands''. An extension to Cherbourg is in the works, with the doubling of the bridge over the ''Port des Flamands'', to ensure a continuity of the dual carriageway to the commercial port in Cherbourg.

The old {{Interlanguage link|Route nationale 801|fr}} (reclassified as D901), which connects [[La Hague|Cap de la Hague]] to [[Barfleur]], crosses the city from east to west.

After the completion of the bypass east of the agglomeration, a western bypass project is under study, and a 'zone' corresponding to the future final route has been selected. Similarly, upgrading to a dual carriageway for access of [[Cherbourg – Maupertus Airport|Maupertus Airport]] is envisaged.

The D650 is used to connect Cherbourg to the west coast of the Cotentin peninsula. Departing from Cherbourg, the D650 takes a southwesterly direction to [[Les Pieux]] and then along to join the ''Côte des Isles'' (the [[Channel Islands]] coast) to [[Barneville-Carteret]]. In the approach to Cherbourg, this road has undergone development, in recent years, with amenities (roundabouts, traffic lights, urban development) by virtue of the [[peri-urbanisation]] of the communes in its path.

With the awarding of [[Controlled-access highway|autoroute]] status to the RN13 in 2006, the work of upgrading to motorway standard between Cherbourg and [[Caen]] is being undertaken over a 10-year period.<ref name="memo">Mémento économique du Cotentin 2007, {{Interlanguage link|Chambre de commerce et d'industrie de Cherbourg-Cotentin|fr|3=Chambre de commerce et d'industrie de Cherbourg-Cotentin|lt=CCI de Cherbourg-Cotentin}}, 2007</ref> The construction work of the RN13 at the entrance of the Cherbourg agglomeration (locality ''Virage des Chèvres'') was completed in early 2009.

====Sea====
[[File:NormandieExpress.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|right|The [[HSC Normandie Express|''Normandie Express'']] [[catamaran]] ferry at Cherbourg]]

{{See also|Cherbourg Harbour|Cherbourg Naval Base}}
Cherbourg-Octeville is a port on the English Channel with a number of regular passenger and freight ferry services operating from the large modern ferry terminal and has a major [[Cherbourg Harbour|artificial harbour]]. The following operators currently run services from the port:

* [[Brittany Ferries]] to [[Rosslare Europort|Rosslare]], [[Poole]] (1 sailing daily) and [[Portsmouth]] (up to 2 sailings daily, summer only).
* [[Stena Line]] to [[Rosslare Europort|Rosslare]] (3 sailings weekly).
* [[Irish Ferries]] to [[Dublin]] (2 sailings weekly).

Cherbourg has previously had services operated by the following operators:

* [[Stena Line]] to [[Southampton]] (up to 2 sailings daily). Withdrawn in 1996.
* [[P&O Ferries]] to [[Portsmouth]] (up to 2 sailings daily by conventional ferry and up to 3 by fast ferry during the summer). Withdrawn in 2005 following a business review.
* [[P&O Irish Sea]] to [[Rosslare Europort|Rosslare]] (up to 3 sailings weekly) and [[Dublin]] (weekends only during the summer). Dublin service was withdrawn in 2004 and Rosslare service sold to Celtic Link.
* [[HD Ferries]] to [[Guernsey]] and [[Jersey]]. Operated in 2007 but cancelled in 2008 due to lack of customers.
* [[Celtic Link Ferries]] to [[Rosslare Europort|Rosslare]] (3 sailings weekly). Service sold to Stena Line.
* [[Condor Ferries]] to [[Portsmouth]] (1 sailing weekly in summer only).
The port welcomes some 30 cruise ships per year including the largest, thanks to a cruise terminal built in 2006 in the [[Gare Maritime de Cherbourg]], which had opened in 1933 on the ''Quai de France'' next to the ''Cité de la Mer''. Frequently, cruise ships that have planned for another destination have taken refuge in the port, for protection from the frequent storms.

Conventional cargo ships berth in the eastern area of the docks on the ''Quai des Flamands'' and ''Quai des Mielles''. During the construction of the [[Concorde]] prototypes in the 1960s, some sections built in the United Kingdom passed by ferry through Cherbourg, for transfer to Toulouse.

====Rail====
{{main|Cherbourg station}}

The [[Mantes-la-Jolie–Cherbourg railway|Paris - Cherbourg railway line]], operated by [[Réseau Ferré de France]], ends at [[Gare de Cherbourg|Cherbourg railway station]], which opened in 1858 and welcomes a million passengers every year.<ref>2006 figures</ref> This line continued, at the beginning of the 20th century, up to the resort of [[Urville-Nacqueville]] and was complemented by the {{Interlanguage link|Ligne de Cherbourg à Barfleur|fr|3=Ligne de Cherbourg à Barfleur|lt=''Tue-Vâques''}} which served from Cherbourg to [[Val de Saire]] between 1911 and 1950. Today, the [[Intercités]] Paris-Caen-Cherbourg line is the most profitable in its class with profit over €10 million per year despite numerous incidents and delays.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.region-basse-normandie.fr/discours/discours_voeux_11012007.pdf|title=Discours des vœux aux personnalités pour 2007, par Philippe Duron, président de la Région Basse-Normandie, Caen, 11 janvier 2007|language=fr|trans-title=Speech of greeting to the personalities for 2007, by Philippe Duron, President of the Lower Normandy region, Caen, 11 January 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012045347/http://www.region-basse-normandie.fr/discours/discours_voeux_11012007.pdf|archive-date=12 October 2007}}</ref>

Regular services operate to [[Paris Saint Lazare railway station|Paris-Saint-Lazare]] via [[Gare de Caen|Caen]] using [[Intercités]] stock, local [[TER Basse Normandie|TER]] services operate from the station to [[Gare Principale Lisieux|Lisieux]] via [[Gare de Caen|Caen]] and to [[Gare de Rennes|Rennes]] via [[Saint-Lô]]. Intercités services to [[Gare Saint-Lazare|Paris-Saint-Lazare]] take three hours on average.

From July 2009 to December 2010, a TGV Cherbourg – [[Gare de Dijon-Ville|Dijon]] service operated, via [[Gare de Mantes-la-Jolie|Mantes]] and [[Aéroport Charles de Gaulle 2 TGV|Roissy TGV]]. With one daily round-trip, it operated experimentally for three years and gave the people of Cherbourg direct access by rail to France's primary airport. The service ceased prematurely, as the minimum threshold of passenger traffic was not met.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ouest-france.fr/ofdernmin_-Fin-des-TGV-Cherbourg-Caen-Dijon-_6346-1524474-fils-tous-74_filDMA.Htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120604121918/http://www.ouest-france.fr/ofdernmin_-Fin-des-TGV-Cherbourg-Caen-Dijon-_6346-1524474-fils-tous-74_filDMA.Htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 June 2012|title=Fin des TGV Cherbourg-Caen-Dijon|language=fr|trans-title=End of the Cherbourg-Caen-Dijon TGV|work=Ouest-france.fr|access-date=9 March 2011}}</ref>

As well as a main line station there was also the ''[[Gare Maritime de Cherbourg|Gare Maritime Transatlantique]]'' station. This now forms part of the ''Cité de la mer''.

====Bus====
[[File:Heuliez GX 317 n°814 Schuman - Zéphir Bus.JPG|thumb|right|A bus of the {{Interlanguage link|Zéphir Bus|fr}} network of Cherbourg.]]
{{further|:fr:Zéphir Bus}}
The ''Compagnie des transports de Cherbourg'' (CTC) was created in 1896, connecting the ''Place de [[Tourlaville]]'' and the ''Place du Château'' by a {{Interlanguage link|Tramway de Cherbourg|fr|3=Tramway de Cherbourg|lt=tramway}} in Cherbourg, then to [[Urville-Nacqueville|Urville]]. After the German occupation and bombardment of the tram depot, the use of buses took over, and it was not until 1962 that the network had several lines. From 1976, the ''Communauté urbaine de Cherbourg'' supported the jurisdiction of public transit. Management of the public service is delegated to [[Keolis]], the CTC took the name of [http://zephir.actipage.net/ Zephir] Bus in 1991.<ref>{{cite journal|title=La Compagnie des transports de Cherbourg fête ses 110 ans!|language=fr|trans-title=Cherbourg transportation company celebrates 110 years!|journal=Le Journal de la Communauté urbaine de Cherbourg|issue=35|date=September 2006}}</ref>

The network covers the whole of the metropolitan area. In recent years, a night bus service has also been created.

Cherbourg-Octeville and its suburbs are also served by the Manéo departmental bus service.

====Air====
The [[Cherbourg – Maupertus Airport]], located in [[Maupertus-sur-Mer]], serves the city. Its {{convert|2440|m|ft|abbr=on}} runway hosts [[Air charter|charter flights]]. After stopping the daily service to Paris by [[Twin Jet]], in spring 2008, a new link with Caen and Paris started with [[Chalair Aviation|Chalair]] on 27 October 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cherbourg.maville.com/Chalair-reliera-Cherbourg-et-Caen-a-Orly-/re/actudet/actu_dep-722055------_actu.html|title=Chalair reliera Cherbourg et Caen à Orly|language=fr|trans-title=Chalair between Cherbourg and Caen at Orly|work=Ouest France|access-date=5 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081017081651/http://www.cherbourg.maville.com/Chalair-reliera-Cherbourg-et-Caen-a-Orly-/re/actudet/actu_dep-722055------_actu.html|archive-date=17 October 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>

With 40,500 passengers in 2007, the airport had lost 30% of its commercial passengers, and 10% of its total traffic over a year.<ref name="memo2008">{{cite web|url=http://www.cotentin-entreprises.com/iso_album/memento_economique_ccicc_2008.pdf|title=Mémento économique du Cotentin 2008|language=fr|trans-title=Economic Handbook of the Cotentin 2008|work={{Interlanguage link|Chambre de commerce et d'industrie de Cherbourg-Cotentin|fr|3=Chambre de commerce et d'industrie de Cherbourg-Cotentin|lt=CCI de Cherbourg-Cotentin}}}}{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>