Editing Charles K. Kao (section)

==Early life and education==
Charles Kao was born in Shanghai in 1933 and lived with his parents in the [[Shanghai French Concession]].<ref name=auto/>{{rp|1}} He studied [[Chinese classics]] at home with his brother, under a tutor.<ref name=eastday>{{Cite news |url=http://why.eastday.com/q/20091008/u1a639015.html |trans-title=Interview of Kao's cousin |script-title=zh:诺贝尔得主高锟的堂哥回忆:他兒时国学功底很好 |date=10 October 2009 |access-date=October 9, 2009 |newspaper=[[Youth Daily]] |location=Shanghai |last1=Fan |first1=Yanping (范彦萍) |language=zh-cn |via=eastday.com |archive-date=October 11, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091011043839/http://why.eastday.com/q/20091008/u1a639015.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=auto/>{{rp|41}} He also studied English and French at the Shanghai World School ({{lang-zh|labels=no|t=上海世界學校}})<ref>{{cite video|url=http://www.rthk.hk/tv/dtt31/programme/successstories2000/episode/528730|script-title=zh:高錕|work=傑出華人系列|date=2000|type=documentary and oral history|publisher=Radio Television Hong Kong|language=yue, zh, en|access-date=27 September 2018 | time =12:00 to 13:00}}</ref> that was founded by a number of progressive Chinese educators, including [[Cai Yuanpei]].<ref>{{Cite news |url = http://oldepaper.zgkqw.com/html/2008-06/01/content_118747.htm |script-title = zh:著名女教育家陶玄 |trans-title = Famous Female Educator Tao Xuan |date = June 1, 2008 |access-date = October 9, 2009 |newspaper = 绍兴县报 [Shaoxing County News] |author = 陶家骏 |language = zh |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120313060320/http://oldepaper.zgkqw.com/html/2008-06/01/content_118747.htm |archive-date = March 13, 2012 |url-status = dead |df = mdy-all }}</ref>

After the [[Communist revolution in China|Communist revolution]], Kao's family settled in Hong Kong in 1949. Much of his mother's siblings moved to Hong Kong in the late 1930s, among them, his mother's youngest brother took good care of him.<ref name=auto>{{cite book|script-title=zh:潮平岸闊 – 高錕自傳|trans-title=A Time And A Tide: Charles K. Kao – A Memoir|edition=First|isbn=978-962-04-3444-0|translator=許迪鏘|publisher=Joint Publishing|location=Hong Kong|first=Charles K.|last=Kao|date=2005}}</ref>{{rp|1}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.mingpao.com/ins/instantnews/web_tc/article/20180923/s00001/1537687752800|script-title=zh:「光纖之父」高錕離世 享年84歲 (16:56)|date=23 September 2018|department=Online instant news section|access-date=27 September 2018|newspaper=Ming Pao|publisher=Media Chinese International|location=Hong Kong|language=zh-hk|archive-date=September 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923124546/https://news.mingpao.com/ins/instantnews/web_tc/article/20180923/s00001/1537687752800|url-status=live}}</ref>

Kao's family lived in Lau Sin Street, at the edge of the [[North Point, Hong Kong|North Point]], a neighbourhood of Shanghai immigrants.<ref name="auto" /> During Kao's time in Hong Kong, he studied at [[St. Joseph's College, Hong Kong|St. Joseph's College]] for 5 years and graduated in 1952.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://hk.news.appledaily.com/local/realtime/article/20180929/58738664 |script-title=zh:【高錕病逝】展覽懷緬光纖之父 會考證書曝光數學只攞Credit |work=[[Apple Daily]] |date=2018-09-29 |language=zh-hk |access-date=September 29, 2018 |archive-date=September 30, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930033554/https://hk.news.appledaily.com/local/realtime/article/20180929/58738664 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Prominent Old Boys - St. Joseph's College |url=https://www.sjc.edu.hk/oldboys.php?content=education |access-date=2024-08-09 |website=www.sjc.edu.hk}}</ref>

Kao obtained high score in the Hong Kong School Certificate Examination, which at the time was the territory's matriculation examination, qualifying him for admission to the [[University of Hong Kong]]. However, at the time [[electrical engineering]] wasn't a programme available at the University of Hong Kong, the territory's then only [[Tertiary education|teritary education]] institute.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Facebook |url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=2111394785843820&id=1748969242086378&set=a.1756940571289245&locale=en |access-date=2024-08-03 |website=www.facebook.com}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

Hence in 1953, Kao went to [[London]] to continue his studies in secondary school and obtained his [[A-level (United Kingdom)|A-Level]] in 1955. He was later admitted to [[University of Greenwich|Woolwich Polytechnic]] (now the [[University of Greenwich]]) and obtained his [[Bachelor of Electrical Engineering]] degree.<ref name="Woolwich">{{Cite news |url = http://www.greenwichalumni.co.uk/magazine%20pdfs/meantime_alumni_spring2005.pdf |title = meantimealumni Spring 2005 |access-date = October 7, 2009 |publisher = University of Greenwich |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111009033824/http://www.greenwichalumni.co.uk/magazine%20pdfs/meantime_alumni_spring2005.pdf |archive-date = October 9, 2011 |url-status = usurped |df = mdy-all }}</ref><ref name="auto" />{{rp|1}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://alumni.gre.ac.uk/yourstories/charles-kao/ |title=Sir Charles Kao – Alumni {{pipe}} University of Greenwich |access-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-date=January 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107204527/https://alumni.gre.ac.uk/yourstories/charles-kao/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=uniquekey |title=Nobel Laureate in Physics - Professor Charles Kuen KAO |url=https://hklaureateforum.org/en/nobel-laureate-in-physics-professor-charles-kuen-kao |access-date=2024-08-03 |website=hklaureateforum.org |language=en-gb}}</ref> He then pursued research and received his [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]] in electrical engineering in 1965 from the [[University of London]], under Professor [[Harold Barlow]] of [[University College London]] as an external student while working at [[Standard Telecommunication Laboratories]] (STL) in [[Harlow]], England, the research center of [[Standard Telephones and Cables]].<ref name="UCL">{{cite web|url = http://www.ee.ucl.ac.uk/about/history/K_C_Kao |title= Prof Charles K. Kao|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100914042830/http://www.ee.ucl.ac.uk/about/history/K_C_Kao|archive-date=14 September 2010|access-date=27 September 2018|department=Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering|publisher=University College London|date= September 24, 2018}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

=== Ancestry and family ===
Kao's father {{ill|Kao Chun-Hsiang|zh|高君湘}} ({{lang-zh|t=高君湘|labels=no}}),<ref name=auto/>{{rp|13}} originally from [[Jinshan City]] (now a district of Shanghai City), obtained his [[Juris Doctor]] from the [[University of Michigan Law School]] in 1925.<ref>University of Michigan Law School: [http://www.law.umich.edu/historyandtraditions/students/GraduateListPDFS/K.pdf Alphabetical List with Year of Law School Graduates] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319060845/http://www.law.umich.edu/historyandtraditions/students/GraduateListPDFS/K.pdf |date=March 19, 2021 }}</ref> He was a judge at the [[Shanghai International Settlement|Shanghai Concession]] and later a professor at [[Soochow University (1900–1952)|Soochow University]] (then in Shanghai) Comparative Law School of China.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yadian.cc/corpus/1211/|script-title=zh:高君湘_法律学人_雅典学园|access-date=October 7, 2009|archive-date=July 6, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706220012/http://www.yadian.cc/corpus/1211/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://journal.chinalawinfo.com/Article_Info.asp?Id=125689 |script-title=zh:中国近代法律教育与中国近代法学 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708144744/https://journal.chinalawinfo.com/Article_Info.asp?Id=125689 |archive-date=July 8, 2011 |df=mdy }}</ref>

His grandfather [[Gao Xie|Kao Hsieh]] was a [[scholar]], [[poet]] and [[artist]],<ref name=eastday/><ref>{{cite web |url = http://nanshewan.b121.53dns.com/suzhi/jnhxsl.txt |script-title=zh:参加南社纪念会姓氏录|trans-title= List of Nan Society member |publisher = 南社研究網 [Research of Nan Society] |access-date = October 8, 2009 |language = zh |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081121184213/http://nanshewan.b121.53dns.com/suzhi/jnhxsl.txt |archive-date = November 21, 2008 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> Several writers including [[Gao Xu|Kao Hsü]], {{ill|Yao Guang (poet)|zh|姚光|lt=Yao Kuang}} ({{lang-zh|t=姚光|labels=no}}), and {{ill|Kao Tseng|zh|高增}} ({{lang-zh|t=高增|labels=no}}) were also Kao's close relatives.{{citation needed|date=September 2018}}

His father's cousin was astronomer [[Kao Ping-tse]]<ref name=eastday/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.qdgxt.cn/show.aspx?id=11&cid=11|script-title=zh:高平子先生简介|date=February 8, 2006|access-date=October 8, 2009|publisher=青岛天文网--中国科学院紫金山天文台青岛观象台/青岛市天文爱好者协会|language=zh|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707051038/http://www.qdgxt.cn/show.aspx?id=11&cid=11|archive-date=July 7, 2011|df=mdy-all}}</ref> ([[Kao (crater)|Kao crater]] is named after him<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lunar.arc.nasa.gov/science/atlas/text/cratertex_k.html|title=Lunar Crater Statistics|access-date=October 8, 2009|publisher=NASA|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090813061056/http://lunar.arc.nasa.gov/science/atlas/text/cratertex_k.html|archive-date=August 13, 2009|df=mdy-all}}</ref>). Kao's younger brother Timothy Wu Kao ({{lang-zh|t=高鋙|labels=no}}) is a civil engineer and [[Professor Emeritus]] at the [[Catholic University of America]]. His research is in [[hydrodynamics]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://news.eastday.com/c/20091006/u1a4710178.html |script-title=zh:高锟个人简历 |trans-title=The biography of Charles K. Kao |publisher=chinanews.com.cn |date=October 6, 2009 |access-date=October 9, 2009 |language=zh |archive-date=October 8, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091008211556/http://news.eastday.com/c/20091006/u1a4710178.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Kao met his future wife Gwen May-Wan Kao (née [[Huang (surname)|Wong]]; {{lang-zh|t=黃美芸|labels=no}}) in London after graduation, when they worked together as engineers at [[Standard Telephones and Cables]]. She was [[British Chinese]]. They were married in 1959 in London, and had a son and a daughter, both of whom reside and work in [[Silicon Valley]], California.<ref>{{cite video|url=http://www.rthk.hk/tv/dtt31/programme/successstories2000/episode/528730|script-title=zh:高錕|work=傑出華人系列|date=2000|type=documentary and oral history|publisher=Radio Television Hong Kong|language=yue, zh, en|access-date=27 September 2018 | time =around 20:00}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Midwinter |first=John |date=June 2021 |title=Sir Charles Kuen Kao. 4 November 1933—23 September 2018 |journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society |language=en |volume=70 |pages=211–224 |doi=10.1098/rsbm.2020.0006 |issn=0080-4606|doi-access=free }}</ref> According to Kao's autobiography, Kao was a Catholic who attended [[Catholic Church]] while his wife attended the [[Anglican Communion]].<ref name=auto/>{{rp|14–15}}