Editing Charles Jean Marie Barbaroux (section)

==Biography==

===Early career===
Born in [[Marseille]], Barbaroux was educated at first by the local [[Oratory of Saint Philip Neri|Oratorians]], then studied [[law]] in [[Aix-en-Provence]], and became a successful [[lawyer]]. In 1789 he was appointed ''[[Secretary|greffier]]'' to the commune of Marseille, and in 1792 was commissioned to go to the [[Legislative Assembly (France)|Legislative Assembly]] and demand the accusation of the directorate of the ''[[Département in France|département]]'' of [[Bouches-du-Rhône]], as accomplices in a [[House of Bourbon|Royalist]] movement in [[Arles]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=382}} <!--in 1791 he helped to repress a Royalist movement in [[Avignon]],<ref>Mémoires de Charles Barbaroux, député à la convention nationale, p. 21-25</ref> and founded the Jacobin movement at Marseille, -->

In Paris, he was received in the [[Jacobin club]], and contacted [[Jacques Pierre Brissot]] and [[Jean Marie Roland de la Platiere]] and his wife [[Madame Roland]]. It was at his instigation that Marseille sent to Paris the [[Fédérés|battalion of volunteers]] that arrived in the city singing the ''[[Marseillaise]]''.  A significant maneuver took place during the night of 4 August 1792 when volunteers from Marseille led by Barbaroux moved into the [[Cordeliers Convent]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Barbaroux |first=Charles Jean Marie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bAVfAAAAcAAJ&q=Robespierre&pg=PA159 |title=Mémoires de Charles Barbaroux, député à la convention nationale: Avec une notice sur sa vie par Ogé Barbaroux et des éclaircissements historiques |date=1822 |publisher=Baudouin |language=fr |access-date=16 October 2022 |archive-date=23 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423041212/https://books.google.com/books?id=bAVfAAAAcAAJ&q=Robespierre&pg=PA159 |url-status=live }}</ref> and contributed to the ''[[insurrection of 10 August 1792]]''.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=382}}  According to Barbaroux, who visited Robespierre early August 1792, his pretty [[boudoir]] was full of images of himself in every form and art; a painting, a drawing, a bust, a [[relief]] and six [[physionotrace]]s on the tables.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bAVfAAAAcAAJ&q=Robespierre&pg=PA159|title=Mémoires de Charles Barbaroux, député à la convention nationale: Avec une notice sur sa vie par Ogé Barbaroux et des éclaircissements historiques|first=Charles Jean Marie|last=Barbaroux|date=12 March 1822|publisher=Baudouin|via=Google Books}}</ref>

===Convention===
[[File:Charles Barbaroux.jpg|thumb|Charles Barbaroux by [[Auguste Raffet]] ]] 

Returning to Marseille, he was elected deputy to the [[National Convention]] with 775 votes out of 776 cast. He viewed himself as an opponent of [[The Mountain|the Montagnards]] from the first day of sessions. On 25 and 26 September, Barbaroux and the Girondist [[Marc David Alba Lasource|Lasource]] accused [[Maximilien Robespierre]] of wanting to form a dictatorship.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Robespierre|first1=Maximilien|last2=Laponneraye|first2=Albert|last3=Carrel|first3=Armand|title=Oeuvres|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iSMVAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA98|year=1840|publisher=Worms|page=98|access-date=15 August 2019|archive-date=7 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107223241/https://books.google.com/books?id=iSMVAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA98#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref> He attacked [[Jean-Paul Marat]] and the [[September Massacres]], and proposed to break up the [[Paris Commune (1789–1795)|Commune of Paris]]. At the end of the year, he got the ''Act of Accusation'' against the king adopted, and in the trial voted for his [[capital punishment]] "''without [[appeal]] and without delay''".{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|pp=382–383}} He then participated in the Constitution Committee that drafted the [[Girondin constitutional project]].<ref>Convention nationale (comité de constitution), « [http://mjp.univ-perp.fr/france/co1793pr.htm Plan de Constitution présenté à la Convention nationale les 15 et 16 février 1793, l'an II de la République (Constitution girondine)] », dans la ''Digithèque de matériaux juridiques et politiques'' de Jean-Pierre Maury, consulté le 16 septembre 2008</ref> Barbaroux called for fixed salaries and fixed prices for [[grain]] and meat in April 1793. 

On 29 May 1793, Robespierre attacked Barbaroux. During the final struggle between the [[Girondist]]s and the Montagnards ([[Insurrection of 31 May - 2 June 1793]]), Barbaroux refused to resign as deputy, and rejected the offer made by the [[sans-culottes]] in Paris to give hostages for the arrested representatives. On 2 June Barbaroux was declared  as an enemy of the republic by [[Saint-Juste]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www2.assemblee-nationale.fr/sycomore/fiche/%28num_dept%29/12236 | title=Charles, Henri, Marie Barbaroux - Base de données des députés français depuis 1789 - Assemblée nationale }}</ref> He succeeded in escaping, first to [[Caen]], where he organized the Girondist rebellion, then to [[Saint-Émilion]], where he wrote his ''Mémoires'' (first published in 1822 by his son, and re-edited in 1866). On 18 June [[Élie Guadet]] and Jean-Baptiste Salle were arrested; [[Pétion de Villeneuve]] and [[Francois Buzot]] succeeded in killing themselves. Barbaroux attempted to shoot himself, but was only wounded. He was taken to Bordeaux, where he was guillotined once his identity was established.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=383}}