Editing Cerebral arteriovenous malformation (section)

==Signs and symptoms==
The most frequently observed problems related to a cerebral [[arteriovenous malformation]] (AVM) are [[headache]]s and [[seizure]]s, [[Cranial nerve disease|cranial nerve afflictions]] including [[pinched nerve]] and [[palsy]],<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Al-Saiegh |first1=Fadi |last2=Hines |first2=Kevin |display-authors=1 |date=28 June 2019 |title=Oculomotor neuropathy from an unruptured arteriovenous malformation in the frontal operculum: A case report |url=http://surgicalneurologyint.com/surgicalint-articles/oculomotor-neuropathy-from-an-unruptured-arteriovenous-malformation-in-the-frontal-operculum-a-case-report-2/ |access-date=2019-07-31 |website=[[Surgical Neurology International]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="pmid11571210"/> backaches, neckaches, and [[nausea]] from coagulated blood that has made its way down to be dissolved in the [[cerebrospinal fluid]]. Perhaps 15% of the population at detection are [[asymptomatic]].<ref name="pmid11571210"/> Other common symptoms are a pulsing noise in the head, progressive [[weakness]], [[numbness]] and vision changes as well as debilitating, excruciating [[pain]].<ref name="Mayo-Symptoms">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/brain-avm/DS01126/DSECTION=symptoms |title=Brain AVM (arteriovenous malformation)-Symptoms |author=Mayo Clinic staff |date=February 2009|publisher=Mayo Clinic |access-date=2010-05-18}}</ref><ref name="Medline"/>

In serious cases, [[blood vessel]]s rupture and cause bleeding within the [[Human brain|brain]] ([[intracranial hemorrhage]]).{{efn|Small AVMs cause hemorrhages more often than larger ones.<ref name=":1"/>}} In more than half of patients with AVM, this is the first symptom.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Perret|first1=G.|last2=Nishioka|first2=H.|date=1966-10-01|title=Report on the cooperative study of intracranial aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Section VI. Arteriovenous malformations. An analysis of 545 cases of cranio-cerebral arteriovenous malformations and fistulae reported to the cooperative study|journal=Journal of Neurosurgery|volume=25|issue=4|pages=467–490|doi=10.3171/jns.1966.25.4.0467|issn=0022-3085|pmid=5925721}}</ref> Symptoms due to bleeding include [[loss of consciousness]], sudden and severe headache, nausea, [[vomiting]], [[Urinary incontinence|incontinence]], and [[blurred vision]], amongst others.<ref name="Mayo-Symptoms"/> Impairments caused by local brain-tissue damage on the bleed site are also possible, including seizure, one-sided weakness ([[hemiparesis]]), a loss of touch sensation on one side of the body and deficits in language processing ([[aphasia]]).<ref name="Mayo-Symptoms"/>  Ruptured AVMs are responsible for considerable mortality and morbidity.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=100 Case Reviews in Neurosurgery|last=Jandial|first=Rahul|publisher=Elsevier|year=2017|isbn=978-0-323-35637-4}}</ref>

AVMs in certain critical locations may stop the circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid, causing it to accumulate within the skull and giving rise to a clinical condition called [[hydrocephalus]].<ref name="Medline">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000779.htm |title=Arteriovenous malformation - cerebral |author1=David C. Dugdale |author2=Daniel B. Hoch |date=October 2008|publisher=ADAM |access-date=2010-05-18}}</ref> A stiff neck can occur as the result of increased pressure within the skull and irritation of the [[meninges]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-21|title=Meningitis and stiff neck: Causes, treatment, and more|url=https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/meningitis-stiff-neck|access-date=2021-11-06|website=[[Medical News Today]]|language=en}}</ref>