Editing Celtic Tiger (section)

== Term ==
The [[colloquial]] term "Celtic Tiger"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irelandinformationguide.com/History_of_rail_transport_in_Ireland |title=Ireland Information Guide, Irish, Counties, Facts, Statistics, Tourism, Culture, How |publisher=Irelandinformationguide.com |access-date=21 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001222814/http://www.irelandinformationguide.com/History_of_rail_transport_in_Ireland |archive-date= 1 October 2011 }}</ref> has been used to refer to the country itself, and to the years associated with the boom. The first recorded use of the phrase is in a 1994 [[Morgan Stanley]] report by Kevin Gardiner.<ref>[https://www.scribd.com/doc/6715664/A-Critical-Perspective Reinventing Ireland: Culture, Society and the Global Economy] (2002) Peadar Kirby, Luke Gibbons, Michael Cronin, p. 17. {{ISBN|0 7453 1825 8}}.</ref> The term refers to Ireland's similarity to the [[East Asian Tigers]]: Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan during their periods of rapid growth between the early 1960s and late 1990s. ''An Tíogar Ceilteach'', the [[Irish language]] version of the term, appears in the [[Foras na Gaeilge]] terminology database<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tearma.ie/Search.aspx?term=an+T%C3%ADogar+Ceilteach&lang=3116659 |title=Tearma.ie - Dictionary of Irish Terms - Foclóir Téarmaíochta |access-date=18 March 2015 }}</ref> and has been used in government and administrative contexts since at least 2005.<ref>[http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie/debates%20authoring/debateswebpack.nsf/takes/dail2005041900020?opendocument Irish Parliamentary Debates] - Deputy McGinley: "go speisialta ó tháinig an tíogar Ceilteach chun cinn"</ref><ref>[http://www.president.ie/speeches/annual-showcase-of-young-social-innovators-2012/ Speech by the President of Ireland] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213044817/http://www.president.ie/speeches/annual-showcase-of-young-social-innovators-2012/ |date=13 December 2013 }} "is measa a bhain leis an Tíogar Ceilteach"</ref><ref>[http://www.galway.ie/ga/Seirbhisi/Timpeallacht/BainistiuDramhaiola/Bhileogaeolaislehaghaidhnahearnalateaghlaigh/gaeilge%20travel%20handbook.pdf Galway County Council] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217045611/http://www.galway.ie/ga/Seirbhisi/Timpeallacht/BainistiuDramhaiola/Bhileogaeolaislehaghaidhnahearnalateaghlaigh/gaeilge%20travel%20handbook.pdf |date=17 December 2013 }} - "ó na 1990í i leith an Tíogar Ceilteach"</ref>

The Celtic Tiger period has also been called [[Economic boom|"The Boom"]] or "Ireland's Economic Miracle".<ref>{{cite web |title=The Celtic Tiger: Ireland's Economic Miracle Explained|url=http://www.dublinwastetoenergy.ie/archive/files/info_sessions/Statutory/Processes/Presentation.ppt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903045749/https://www.dublinwastetoenergy.ie/archive/files/info_sessions/Statutory/Processes/Presentation.ppt |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 September 2018 | work=Dublic Water to Energy |access-date=8 August 2009}}</ref>  During that time, the country experienced a period of economic growth that transformed it from one of Western Europe's poorer countries into one of its wealthiest. The causes of Ireland's growth are the subject of some debate, but credit has been primarily given{{by whom|date=June 2014}} to state-driven economic development; [[social partnership]] among employers, government and [[trade union]]s; increased participation by women in the labour force; decades of investment in domestic higher education; targeting of [[foreign direct investment]]; a low [[corporation tax]] rate; an English-speaking workforce; and membership of the [[European Union]], which provided transfer payments and export access to the [[Single Market]].

During the [[2008 financial crisis]], the Celtic Tiger had all but died. Some critics, such as [[David McWilliams (economics pundit)|David McWilliams]], who had been warning about impending collapse for some time, concluded: "The case is clear: an economically challenged government, perniciously influenced by the interests of the housing lobby, blew it. The entire Irish episode will be studied internationally in years to come as an example of how not to do things."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sbpost.ie/post/pages/p/story.aspx-qqqt=DAVID+McWilliams-qqqs=commentandanalysis-qqqid=38577-qqqx=1.asp|title=The Sunday Business Post|access-date=18 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101113070817/http://www.sbpost.ie/post/pages/p/story.aspx-qqqt=DAVID+McWilliams-qqqs=commentandanalysis-qqqid=38577-qqqx=1.asp|archive-date=13 November 2010|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Historian Richard Aldous stated the Celtic Tiger has now gone the "way of the [[Dodo (bird)|dodo]]". In early 2008, many commentators thought a [[soft landing (economics)|soft landing]] was likely, but by January 2009, it seemed possible the country could experience a [[Depression (economics)|depression]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.independent.ie/national-news/cowen-must-be-mister-fixit-not-a-master-of-disaster-1586804.html|title=Cowen must be Mister Fix-It, not a master of disaster|work=Independent.ie|access-date=18 March 2015}}</ref>  In early January 2009, ''[[The Irish Times]]'', in an editorial, declared:
"We have gone from the Celtic Tiger to an era of financial fear with the suddenness of a ''[[RMS Titanic|Titanic]]''-style shipwreck, thrown from comfort, even luxury, into a cold sea of uncertainty."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/opinion/2009/0103/1230842387565.html|title=No time for whingers|work=Irish Times|access-date=18 March 2015|archive-date=20 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020105800/http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/opinion/2009/0103/1230842387565.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tribune.ie/article/2009/jan/25/so-who-got-us-into-this-mess/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091010201658/http://www.tribune.ie/article/2009/jan/25/so-who-got-us-into-this-mess/|url-status=dead|title=So Who Got Us Into This Mess?|archivedate=10 October 2009|website=tribune.ie}}</ref>  In February 2010, a report by Davy Research concluded that Ireland had "largely wasted” its years of high income during the boom, with private enterprise investing its wealth "in the wrong places". It compared Ireland's growth to other small [[eurozone]] countries such as Finland and Belgium&nbsp;– noting that the physical wealth of those countries exceeds that of Ireland because of their "vastly superior" transport infrastructure, telecommunications network, and public services.<ref name='davyresearch'>{{cite news | first=Rossa | last=White | title=Fruits of boom largely wasted, says Davy report | date=2 October 2010 | newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] | url=https://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/finance/2010/0220/1224264879149.html | access-date=20 February 2010 | archive-date=22 January 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110122213743/http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/finance/2010/0220/1224264879149.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>