Editing Cell biology (section)

== History ==

Cells were first seen in 17th-century [[Europe]] with the invention of the [[Optical microscope#Compound microscope|compound microscope]]. In 1665, [[Robert Hooke]] referred to the building blocks of all living organisms as "cells" (published in ''[[Micrographia]]'') after looking at a piece of [[Cork (material)|cork]] and observing a structure reminiscent of a [[monastic cell]];<ref>{{cite book|title=Micrographia|last1=Hooke|first1=Robert|date=September 1665}}</ref><ref  name=EB1911>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Cytology |volume=7 |page=710 |first=Gilbert Charles |last=Chubb}}</ref> however, the cells were dead. They gave no indication to the actual overall components of a cell. A few years later, in 1674, [[Anton Van Leeuwenhoek]] was the first to analyze live cells in his examination of [[algae]]. Many years later, in 1831, [[Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)|Robert Brown]] discovered the [[Cell nucleus|nucleus]]. All of this preceded the [[cell theory]] which states that all living things are made up of cells and that cells are organisms' functional and structural units. This was ultimately concluded by plant scientist [[Matthias Jakob Schleiden|Matthias Schleiden]]<ref name=EB1911/> and animal scientist [[Theodor Schwann]] in 1838, who viewed live cells in plant and animal tissue, respectively.<ref name="Cell and Molecular Biology2">{{cite book|title=Cell and Molecular Biology|last1=Gupta|first1=P.|date=Dec 1, 2005|publisher=Rastogi Publications|isbn=978-8171338177|page=11}}</ref> 19 years later, [[Rudolf Virchow]] further contributed to the cell theory, adding that all cells come from the division of pre-existing cells.<ref name="Cell and Molecular Biology2" /> [[Viruses]] are not considered in cell biology – they lack the characteristics of a living cell and instead are studied in the [[microbiology]] subclass of [[virology]].<ref name="Nature">{{cite journal |vauthors=Paez-Espino D, Eloe-Fadrosh EA, Pavlopoulos GA, Thomas AD, Huntemann M, Mikhailova N, Rubin E, Ivanova NN, Kyrpides NC |title=Uncovering Earth's virome |journal=Nature |volume=536 |issue=7617 |pages=425–30 |date=August 2016 |pmid=27533034 |doi=10.1038/nature19094 |bibcode=2016Natur.536..425P |s2cid=4466854 |url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4zh090xt}}</ref>