Editing Cast iron (section)

==Production==
Cast iron is made from [[pig iron]], which is the product of melting [[iron ore]] in a [[blast furnace]]. Cast iron can be made directly from the molten pig iron or by re-melting pig iron,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_nw2AQAAMAAJ&q=cast+iron+made+by+remelting+pig+iron&pg=RA3-PA52|title=Electrical Record and Buyer's Reference|date=1917|publisher=Buyers' Reference Company|language=en}}</ref> often along with substantial quantities of iron, steel, limestone, carbon (coke) and taking various steps to remove undesirable contaminants. [[Phosphorus]] and [[sulfur]] may be burnt out of the molten iron, but this also burns out the carbon, which must be replaced. Depending on the application, carbon and silicon content are adjusted to the desired levels, which may be anywhere from 2–3.5% and 1–3%, respectively. If desired, other elements are then added to the melt before the final form is produced by [[casting (metalworking)|casting]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}

[[File:In-stream inoculation addition while molten cast iron is poured to a green sand mold in a foundry in Bangladesh.jpg|In-stream inoculation addition while molten cast iron is poured to a green sand mold in a foundry|thumb|right]]

Cast iron is sometimes melted in a special type of blast furnace known as a [[cupola furnace|cupola]], but in modern applications, it is more often melted in electric [[induction furnace]]s or electric arc furnaces.<ref>{{cite book |title=Metallurgy for the Non-Metallurgist |author1=Harry Chandler |edition=illustrated |publisher=ASM International |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-87170-652-2 |page=54 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=arupok8PTBEC}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=arupok8PTBEC&pg=PA54 Extract of page 54]</ref> After melting is complete, the molten cast iron is poured into a holding furnace or ladle.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}