Editing Carthusians (section)

==History==
In 1084 Bishop [[Hugh of Châteauneuf|Hugh of Grenoble]] offered Bruno, the former Chancellor of the Diocese of Reims, a solitary site in the mountains of his diocese, in the valley of Chartreuse. There Bruno and six companions built a hermitage, consisting of a few wooden cabins opening towards a gallery that allowed them access to the communal areas, the church, the refectory, and the chapter room without having to suffer too much from inclement conditions.<ref name=tco>{{cite web|url=http://www.chartreux.org/en/|title=Welcome|first=L'Ordre des|last=Chartreux|access-date=13 June 2016}}</ref>

Six years later, Bruno's former pupil, [[Pope Urban II]], requested his services. Bruno would only live in Rome for a few short months however, before leaving to establish a new hermitage in [[Serra San Bruno]], in [[Calabria]], a region of southern Italy. He died there on 6 October 1101.<ref name=tco/>

In 1132, an avalanche destroyed the first hermitage, killing 7 monks under the snow. The fifth prior of Chartreuse, [[Guigo I|Guiges]], rebuilt the hermitage.<ref name=tco/>

The order was founded upon the ''Consuetudines''. It contains largely the rule of the order. It was described by [[Trappists|Trappist]] monk [[Thomas Merton]] as "every line of the Carthusian rule convinces the reader that the men who framed it knew precisely what they were looking for and had a very good notion of the best means of finding it." <ref>{{cite book |last1=Merton |first1=Thomas |title=The Waters of Siloe |page=8}}</ref>

===Carthusians in Britain===
There were ten Carthusian monasteries in Britain before the Reformation, with one in Scotland and nine in England. The first was founded by [[Henry II of England]] in 1181 at [[Witham Friary]], [[Somerset]] as penance for the murder of [[Thomas Becket]]. [[Hugh of Lincoln]] was its first prior.<ref name=hugh>{{cite web|url=http://www.parkminster.org.uk/site.php?use=default|title=The Carthusian Order|publisher=St. Hugh's Charterhouse|access-date=13 June 2016}}</ref> The third Charterhouse built in Britain was [[Beauvale Priory]], remains of which can still be seen in [[Beauvale]], [[Greasley]], [[Nottinghamshire]].

The Carthusians, as with all Catholic religious orders, were variously persecuted and banned during the [[Reformation]]. The abolition of their priories, which were sources of charity in England, particularly reduced their numbers.<ref>[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/surrey/vol2/pp89-94 'House of Carthusian monks: Priory of Sheen'] A History of the County of Surrey: Volume 2, ed. H E Malden (London, 1967), pp. 89–94 Accessed 15 April 2015.</ref> This was followed by the [[French Revolution]] which had a similar effect in France.<ref name=Raymond/>

[[The Charterhouse, Coventry]] has been conserved and was opened to the public in April 2023. The area, about a mile from the centre of the city, is a conservation area, and the buildings had been in use as part of a local college. Inside the building is a medieval wall painting, alongside many carvings and wooden beams. Nearby is the river Sherbourne which runs underneath the centre of the city.

The best preserved remains of a [[Middle Ages|medieval]] Charterhouse in the UK are at [[Mount Grace Priory]] near [[Osmotherley, North Yorkshire]]. One of the cells has been reconstructed to illustrate how different the layout is from monasteries of most other Christian orders, which are normally designed with communal living in mind.

The [[London Charterhouse]] gave its name to [[Charterhouse Square]] and several streets in the [[City of London]], as well as to the [[Charterhouse School]] which used part of its site before moving out to [[Godalming]], [[Surrey]].

Nothing remains at Hull or Sheen, although Hull Charterhouse is an almshouse that shared the site of the monastery. Axholme, Hinton, and Witham have slight remains.

[[Perth Charterhouse]], the single Carthusian Priory founded in [[Scotland]] during the [[Middle Ages]], was located in [[Perth, Scotland|Perth]]. It stood just west of the medieval town and was founded by [[James VI and I|James I]] (1406–1437) in the early 15th century. James I and [[Joan Beaufort, Queen of Scots]] (died 1445) were both buried in the priory church, as was Queen [[Margaret Tudor]] (died 1541), widow of [[James IV of Scotland]]. The Priory, said to have been a building of "wondrous cost and greatness", was sacked during the [[Scottish Reformation]] in 1559, and swiftly fell into decay. No remains survive above ground, though a Victorian monument marks the site. The Perth names Charterhouse Lane and Pomarium Flats (built on the site of the Priory's orchard) recall its existence.

There is an active Carthusian house in England, [[St Hugh's Charterhouse, Parkminster]], West Sussex. This has cells around a square cloister approximately {{convert|400|m|mi}} on a side, making it the largest cloister in Europe. It was built in the 19th century to accommodate two communities which were expelled from the continent.<ref>''The Monastery'', [[BBC]], broadcast May 2005, about 20 minutes into the third episode.</ref>