Editing Carter Harrison IV (section)

==Biography==
[[File:Mr Mrs Carter Harrison (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|200px|Carter and Edith Ogden on a sidewalk (likely near North [[Rush Street (Chicago)|Rush Street]] and East [[Grand Avenue (Chicago)|Grand Avenue]], 1913)]]
Harrison was born on April 23, 1860, in Chicago.

He was a member of many organizations including the [[Freemasons]], [[Knights Templar]]{{Dubious|date=November 2023}}, [[Society of the Cincinnati]], [[Sons of the Revolution]], [[Sons of the American Revolution]], [[Society of Colonial Wars]], [[Veterans of Foreign Wars]], [[American Legion]], and the [[Military Order of the World Wars]].

Like his father, [[Carter Harrison III]], Harrison gained election to five terms as Chicago's mayor. Educated in [[Saxe-Altenburg]], [[Germany]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Morton |first1=Richard Allen |title=Roger C. Sullivan and the Making of the Chicago Democratic Machine, 1881-1908 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xA7MDAAAQBAJ |publisher=McFarland |access-date=11 May 2020 |page=104 |language=en |date=29 June 2016|isbn=9781476663777 }}</ref> Harrison returned to Chicago to help his brother run the ''[[Chicago Times]]'', which their father bought in 1891. He had been a practicing [[lawyer]] before joining his family in running the ''Times''.<ref name="5-time"/> Under the Harrisons the paper became a resolute supporter of the Democratic Party, and was the only local newspaper to support the [[Pullman Strike|Pullman strikers]] in the mid-1890s.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}} Harrison served as the newspaper's editor. He stopped working at the newspaper in 1895.<ref name="5-time"/>

===First mayoralty===
Harrison was first elected mayor in the [[1897 Chicago mayoral election]]. He would win election to three consecutive additional two-year terms in [[1899 Chicago mayoral election|1899]], [[1901 Chicago mayoral election|1901]], and [[1903 Chicago mayoral election|1903]].

Harrison was sworn in as mayor on April 15, 1897.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mayor Carter Henry Harrison IV Inaugural Address, 1897 |url=https://www.chipublib.org/mayor-carter-henry-harrison-iv-inaugural-address-1897/ |website=www.chipublib.org |publisher=Chicago Public Library |access-date=26 May 2020}}</ref>

Like his father, Harrison did not believe in trying to legislate morality. As mayor, Harrison believed that Chicagoans' two major desires were to make money and to spend it. During his administrations, Chicago's vice districts blossomed, and special maps were printed to enable tourists to find their way from [[brothel]] to brothel. The name of one Chicago saloon-keeper of the time supposedly entered the English language as a term for a strong or laced drink intended to render unconsciousness: [[Mickey Finn (drugs)|Mickey Finn]].

However, Harrison was seen as more of a reformer than his father, which helped him garner the [[middle class]] votes his father had lacked. One of Harrison's biggest enemies was [[Charles Yerkes]], whose plans to monopolize Chicago's [[streetcar]] lines were vigorously attacked by the mayor. This was the beginning of the [[Chicago Traction Wars]], which would become a major focus of his administration. During his final term in office, Harrison established the Chicago Vice Commission and worked to close down [[the Levee|the Levee district]], starting with the  [[Everleigh Club]] brothel on October 24, 1911.<ref>{{cite news |title=Starts Vice War; Mayor in Fight to Clean Up City |work=Chicago Daily Tribune |pages=1  |publisher=Chicago Tribune |date=1911-10-25}}</ref>

Despite prolonged and damaging international press coverage blaming his lax municipal enforcement for the 602 lives lost in the [[Iroquois Theatre fire]] on December 30, 1903 (still the deadliest single-building fire in U.S. history),<ref>Tinder Box: The iroquois Theatre Disaster 1903", Anthony P. Hatch, Academy Chicago Publishers; 2003</ref> Harrison hoped to become the [[1904 Democratic National Convention|1904 Democratic]] nominee for [[President of the United States]]. However, the nomination went to [[Alton B. Parker]], who was soundly [[1904 United States presidential election|defeated]] by [[Theodore Roosevelt]].

Harrison declined to seek a fifth consecutive mayoral term [[1905 Chicago mayoral election|in 1905]], and was succeeded by fellow Democrat [[Edward Fitzsimmons Dunne]] on April 10, 1905.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mayor Edward F. Dunne Inaugural Address, 1905 |url=https://www.chipublib.org/mayor-edward-f-dunne-inaugural-address-1905/ |website=www.chipublib.org |publisher=Chicago Public Library |access-date=26 May 2020}}</ref>

===Between mayoralties===
[[1907 Chicago mayoral election#Democratic primary|In 1907]], attempting to stage a return to office, Harrison unsuccessfully challenged Dunne for the Democratic mayoral nomination.

===Second mayoralty===
[[1911 Chicago mayoral election|In 1911]], Harrison was elected to a four-year term as mayor. He as sworn in for his fifth nonconsecutive term as mayor on April 17, 1911.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mayor Carter Henry Harrison IV Biography |url=https://www.chipublib.org/mayor-carter-henry-harrison-iv-biography/ |website=www.chipublib.org |publisher=Chicago Public Library |access-date=26 May 2020}}</ref>

In 1914, Harrison convinced the city council to establish a Commission for the Encouragement of Local Art to purchase works of art by Chicago artists.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Chicago Art Commission |journal=Bulletin of the Art Institute of Chicago |date=1915 |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=6–7 |jstor=4102687 }}</ref> Harrison personally purchased artwork from painters such as [[Victor Higgins]] and [[Walter Ufer]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Porter |first1=Dean |title=Victor Higgins : An American Master |date=1991 |publisher=Peregrine Smith Books |location=Salt Lake City, Utah |isbn=978-0879053628 |pages=40–41}}</ref>

Harrison sought a sixth overall term as mayor [[1915 Chicago mayoral election|in 1915]], but was defeated in the Democratic primary by [[Robert Sweitzer]], who went on to lose the general election to Republican [[William Hale Thompson]]. Harrison was succeeded in office by Thompson on April 26, 1915.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mayor William Hale Thompson Inaugural Address, 1915 |url=https://www.chipublib.org/mayor-william-hale-thompson-inaugural-address-1915/ |website=www.chipublib.org |publisher=Chicago Public Library |access-date=26 May 2020}}</ref>

[[File:Grave of Carter Harrison Sr. (1825–1893) at Graceland Cemetery 1.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Harrison's grave (front row, third from right) at Graceland Cemetery]]

In 1915, when Harrison left office, Chicago had essentially reached its modern size in land area, and had a population of 2,400,000; the city was moving inexorably into its status as a major modern metropolis. He and his father had collectively been mayors of the city for 21 of the previous 36 years.

===Post-mayoralty===
From 1933 through 1944, Harrison served as the [[Internal Revenue Service]] [[Tax collector|collector]] for district of Chicago, having been appointed to the position by president [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] on July 28, 1933.<ref name="5-time">{{cite news |title=5-Time Mayor of Chicago Dies at 93 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-courier-journal-5-time-mayor-of-chic/140958302/ |via=Newspapers.com |newspaper=[[Courier Journal]] |place=Chicago |publication-place=Louisville, KY |agency=The Associated Press |access-date=2024-02-14 |language=en |date=1953-12-25 |publication-date=26 December 1953 |page=3}}</ref>

Harrison served as the president of a commission which advocated for local arts.<ref>{{cite news |title=Harrison Asks City to Keep Up Fund for Art |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-feb-26-34-p7-ct-chh-asks/133623042/ |via=Newspapers.com |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |access-date=2024-02-14 |language=en |date=26 Feb 1934 |page=7}}</ref>

He published two autobiographies. One of these, a memoir entitled ''Growing Up with Chicago'', was published in 1944.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lindberg |first1=Richard C. |title=The Gambler King of Clark Street: Michael C. McDonald and the Rise of Chicago's Democratic Machine |date=2009 |publisher=SIU Press |isbn=978-0-8093-8654-3 |page=141 |url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=IUgbMFn6nCYC |access-date=19 May 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

Harrison died on December 25, 1953, at his Chicago apartment,<ref name="5-time"/> and is buried in [[Graceland Cemetery]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.chipublib.org/mayor-carter-henry-harrison-iv-biography/|title=Mayor Carter Henry Harrison IV Biography |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=Chicago Public Library |publisher=Chicago Public Library |access-date=September 9, 2017 }}</ref>

His papers are held by Chicago's [[Newberry Library]].

[[File:Ogdenfamilyiname00whee 0593 (1-adjusted).tif|thumb|Harrison with his wife and children]]