Editing Carroll County, Maryland (section)

==History==
Prior to [[European colonization of the Americas|European colonization]], the land that now makes up Carroll County was inhabited by [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] for thousands of years. Numerous Native American archaeological sites and archeological artifacts have been located across the county. Native Americans used the land for permanent settlements, seasonal visits and journeys, and as hunting grounds.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/maryland/carroll/cct-arc-26e670f3-0997-525d-8a56-78c4b95e8fbb-20120812-story.html |title=Carroll's Yesteryears: Native American tools found all over Carroll |date=August 12, 2012 |publisher=Baltimore Sun |access-date=August 24, 2019}}</ref> 

===18th century===
At the time of European colonization, the [[Susquehannock]] and the [[Lenape]] were the predominant indigenous nations in the area. Present-day [[Manchester, Maryland|Manchester]], which was inhabited by the Susquehannock nation until around 1750, was where the two important Native American trails intersected.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/maryland/carroll/cctnews-town-tidbits-manchester-20161011-story.html |title=Town Tidbits: Manchester |date=October 11, 2016 |publisher=Baltimore Sun |access-date=August 24, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| last=Sarah Trump, Adda L. Trump, Kathryn L, Riley| title=Two Hundred Fortieth Anniversary of Immanuel Evangelical Lutheran Church| year=2000| page=31}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| last=Ashcraft| first=Mary Ann| title=Manchester a Strategic Travel Location| date=March 23, 2009| url=http://www.carrollcounty.com/articles/2009/02/23/features/in_focus/columns/carroll_yesteryears/yester955.txt| access-date=August 24, 2019}}</ref> An ancient trail that was used by Algonquian and Iroquois nations, named the "Patapsco-Conewago (Hanover) Road" by colonists, stretched from the [[Susquehanna River]] to the [[Potomac River]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/maryland/carroll/lifestyles/ph-cc-carroll-living-hampstead-20170621-story.html |title=Hampstead: Main Street community continues its evolution |date=June 21, 2017 |publisher=Baltimore Sun| access-date=August 24, 2019}}</ref> Main Street in Westminster was built over a portion of the trail between the two rivers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/maryland/carroll/lifestyles/ph-cc-carroll-living-manchester-20170621-story.html |title=Manchester: Home to the first church building in Carroll |date=June 21, 2017 |publisher=Baltimore Sun |access-date=August 24, 2019}}</ref> 

By the end of the 18th century, most roads in Carroll County were trails established by Native Americans.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/maryland/carroll/opinion/cc-lt-yesteryears-060919-story.html |title=Carroll Yesteryears: Roadwork requires relocation of historic milestone |date=June 7, 2019 |publisher=Baltimore Sun |access-date=August 24, 2019}}</ref> 

===19th century===
[[Maryland Route 26]] (Liberty Road) was built over top what was originally a Native American trail, which passed through the Freedom area of southern Carroll County and was used by Native Americans to travel from the [[Blue Ridge Mountains]] to [[Chesapeake Bay]]. The trail was transformed into a road and renamed "Liberty" by an act of the Maryland General Assembly in the early 1800s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mht.maryland.gov/secure/medusa/PDF/Carroll/CARR-167.pdf |title=Wesley Chapel Methodist Episcopal Church |publisher=[[Maryland Historical Trust]] |access-date=August 24, 2019}}</ref> The land of what is now Sykesville was used by the Susquehannock and the [[Lenape]] as hunting grounds.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sykesvillemainstreet.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/SykesvilleWalkingTour001.pdf |title=Small Town with a Big History |publisher=Downtown Sykesville Connection |access-date=August 24, 2019 |archive-date=September 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920074640/https://www.sykesvillemainstreet.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/SykesvilleWalkingTour001.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Taneytown, Maryland|Taneytown]] was inhabited by the [[Tuscarora people]] during the early to mid-1700s. The Tuscarora hunted deer, wolves, wildcats, and otters in the woodlands of what is now Taneytown. Due to the [[Six Nations land cessions]], the Tuscarora were expelled westward across the [[South Mountain (Maryland and Pennsylvania)|South Mountain]] of the [[Cumberland Valley]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.taneytown.org/residents/taneytowns_history/index.php |title=Taneytown's History |access-date=August 24, 2019}}</ref>
 
Carroll County was created in 1837<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ccgovernment.carr.org/ccg/default.asp |title=Carroll County Government |publisher=Carroll County Government |access-date=September 25, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928034217/http://ccgovernment.carr.org/ccg/default.asp |archive-date=September 28, 2012 }}</ref> from parts of [[Baltimore County, Maryland|Baltimore]] and [[Frederick County, Maryland|Frederick Counties]]. The county was named for [[Charles Carroll of Carrollton]], who was one of 56 delegates to the [[Second Continental Congress]] in [[Philadelphia]] who unanimously signed the [[United States Declaration of Independence]].<ref>{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ | title=The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States | publisher=Govt. Print. Off. | author=Gannett, Henry | year=1905 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ/page/n69 70]}}</ref>

The earliest European settlers in Carroll County were predominantly [[Pennsylvania Dutch]] from [[Pennsylvania Dutch Country|southeast Pennsylvania]] and [[English Americans|English]] from the [[Tidewater (region)|Tidewater region]] of Maryland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mycarroll.com/history.htm |title=History |publisher=My Carroll |access-date=March 19, 2019}}</ref> [[German language|German]] was the predominant language of Carroll County until the Civil War. German was most heavily spoken in the northern and western parts of the county. The towns of Hampstead, Manchester, and Taneytown had German majorities. [[Anglo-Americans|English-speakers]] were a minority and were concentrated in southern Carroll.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/ph-ce-eagle-archive-1021-20121020-story.html |title=Eagle Archive: Strictly speaking, Carroll's predominant language was once German |newspaper=Baltimore Sun |access-date=March 19, 2019 |archive-date=April 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415142315/https://www.baltimoresun.com/ph-ce-eagle-archive-1021-20121020-story.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

During the [[American Civil War]], the population of Carroll County was sharply divided between supporters of the Union and the Confederacy.<ref>{{cite book|last=Fields|first=Barbara|author-link=Barbara J. Fields |title=Slavery and Freedom on Middle Ground|year=1985|publisher=Yale Historical Publications|location=Binghamton, New York|isbn=0300023405|pages=11–13}}</ref>  In 1863, there were significant troop movements through the county as part of the [[Gettysburg campaign]]. On June 29, 1863, the cavalry skirmish known as [[Corbit's Charge]] was fought in the streets of Westminster, when two companies of Delaware cavalry attacked a much larger [[Confederate States Army|Confederate]] force under General [[J. E. B. Stuart]].

===20th century===
During the 1970s, Carroll County was a stronghold of the [[Ku Klux Klan]] and the Klan regularly held rallies and cross-burnings.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1977/04/20/concern-spreads-as-cross-burning-grows-in-county/35b579cf-a502-4b43-ab90-bcbf3f7b4004/ |title=Concern Spreads As Cross-Burning Grows in County |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=March 19, 2019}}</ref> The KKK held rallies and handed out leaflets on Main Street in Westminster and in Manchester until the late 1980s.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/05/us/editors-at-school-give-klan-photos-to-county.html |title=Editors at School Give Klan Photos to County |newspaper=The New York Times |date=October 5, 1987 |access-date=March 19, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-obama-community/white-community-adapts-to-obama-reality-idUSTRE4AH8BI20081119 |title=White community adapts to Obama reality |work=Reuters |access-date=March 19, 2019}}</ref>  

===21st century===
In 2012, two minors were charged for a cross-burning in Westminster.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local/Two-Minors-Charged-in-Westminster-Cross-Burning-184684351.html |title=Two Minors Charged in Westminster, Md. Cross Burning |date=December 24, 2012 |publisher=WRC-TV |access-date=March 19, 2019}}</ref> In 2018, the KKK distributed fliers in southern Carroll County.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://foxbaltimore.com/news/local/kkk-fliers-found-sunday-in-carroll-county |title=KKK fliers found Sunday in Carroll County |date=November 19, 2018 |publisher=Fox 45 News |access-date=March 19, 2019}}</ref>

In 2013, the Carroll County Board of Commissioners voted to make English the [[official language]] of the county.<ref>{{cite news |first =Fredrick |last =Kunkle |url =https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/carroll-county-makes-english-official-language/2013/01/24/9d79be4a-6659-11e2-9e1b-07db1d2ccd5b_story.html |title =Carroll County makes English the official language |newspaper =The Washington Post |date =January 24, 2013 |access-date =January 30, 2013 |archive-date =February 17, 2013 |archive-url =https://archive.today/20130217003445/http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-01-24/local/36521106_1_official-language-carroll-county-county-seat |url-status =live }}</ref> In 2018, the [[Carroll County Public Schools (Maryland)|Carroll County Public Schools]] announced that [[Modern display of the Confederate flag|Confederate flags]] and [[Swastika#Nazi symbol|Nazi swastikas]] would be banned from Carroll County schools, along with [[Ku Klux Klan]] and [[Aryan Nation]] symbolism and other messages that promote hatred or intolerance.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.carrollcountytimes.com/news/education/cc-boe-confederate-flag-talk-continues-20180213-story.html# |title=Carroll County Public Schools to ban Confederate flags, swastikas in schools |newspaper=Carrollcountytimes.com |publisher=[[Carroll County Times]] |access-date=August 25, 2018 |last1=Chappell |first1=Emily }}</ref>