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==History== Land was granted by Governor [[Sir John Wentworth, 1st Baronet|John Wentworth]] on February 8, 1772, to Sir Thomas Wentworth, [[Samuel Langdon]], and 81 others. Sir Thomas Wentworth resided in [[West Bretton]], England, on his estate called [[Bretton Hall, West Yorkshire|Bretton Hall]], after which the township was named "Bretton Woods".<ref>[https://archive.org/details/johnwentworthgov00mayo/page/81 <!-- quote=Bretton Hall Wentworth. --> Lawrence Shaw Mayo, ''John Wentworth, Governor of New Hampshire: 1767-1775;'' Harvard University Press; Cambridge, Massachusetts 1921]</ref> On the 1816 Carrigain map of New Hampshire, it appears as "Breton Woods". On June 22, 1832,<ref name="1875Carroll">[http://gedcomindex.com/Reference/New_Hampshire_1875/086.html Article in ''Statistics and Gazetteer of new Hampshire'' (1875)]</ref> the town was incorporated by the [[New Hampshire General Court|General Court]] as Carroll, in honor of [[Charles Carroll of Carrollton|Charles Carroll]], a signer of the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]].<ref name="nh.gov">[http://www.nh.gov/nhes/elmi/htmlprofiles/carroll.html New Hampshire Economic and Labor Market Information Bureau Profile] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100609050024/http://www.nh.gov/nhes/elmi/htmlprofiles/carroll.html |date=June 9, 2010 }}</ref> Although the surface is uneven and bounded by mountains, farmers found the soil "strong and deep". It has many small streams, [[tributary|tributaries]] of the [[Ammonoosuc River]], which in the 19th-century were noted for abundant [[trout]]. By 1859, Carroll had a [[starch]] factory, and two [[lumber]] [[watermill|mills]] that produced boards, [[roof shingle|shingles]], [[Clapboard (architecture)|clapboard]]s and [[lath]]s.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=OcoMAAAAYAAJ&dq=coolidge%20mansfield%20history%20description%20new%20england%201859&pg=PA435 Austin J. Coolidge & John B. Mansfield, ''A History and Description of New England;'' Boston, Massachusetts 1859]</ref> By 1874, the Wing Railroad, a branch of the [[Boston, Concord and Montreal Railroad]], extended into the town.<ref name="1875Carroll" /><ref name=WMH/> It was, however, [[tourism]] that brought fame and prosperity to the area. Hannah and [[Abel Crawford]] turned their [[log cabin]] into an [[Pub#Inns|inn]], then built the Notch House in 1828. In 1874, the Boston, Concord & Montreal Railroad reached Fabyan Station, an important [[railroad junction|junction]] joined the next year by the [[Portland and Ogdensburg Railroad|Portland & Ogdensburg Railroad]]. Here stood the [[Fabyan House]], a grand hotel built by [[Sylvester Marsh]] and his colleagues, who also built the nearby [[Mount Washington Cog Railway]].<ref>[http://www.cog-railway.com/03smarsh.htm Sylvester Marsh and the Mount Washington Railway] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040415/http://www.cog-railway.com/03smarsh.htm |date=March 4, 2016 }}</ref> The hotel burned in 1951. The Mount Pleasant House was built in 1875, although demolished in 1939. But the grandest of all was the [[Mount Washington Hotel]], built in 1902 and still operating. Here was held the 1944 [[Bretton Woods system|International Monetary Conference]], which resulted in the creation of the [[International Monetary Fund|IMF]] and [[World Bank]].<ref name="nh.gov"/> ===Zealand=== Zealand was a logging community within Carroll, established by James Everell Henry (1831β1912) {{circa|1880}}.<ref name=WMH/> By 1884, Henry had started the Zealand Valley Railroad, which would extend about {{convert|11|mi|km}} into the forest.<ref name=WMH/> Zealand was a [[company town]] with various buildings including a boarding house, store, engine house, and a post office that operated from 1883 to 1897.<ref name=WMH/> After much lumber had been removed through [[clearcutting]], Henry moved his operations to [[Lincoln, New Hampshire|Lincoln]] in 1892.<ref name=WMH/> George Van Dyke then leased land and the Zealand mill from Henry, and constructed the Little River Railroad in 1893.<ref name=WMH/> Following a major fire in May 1897,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/55114139/one-hundred-homeless/ |title=One Hundred Homeless |newspaper=Fall River Daily Evening News |location=[[Fall River, Massachusetts]] |page=5 |date= May 19, 1897 |access-date=July 10, 2020 |via=newspapers.com}}</ref> and the removal of most remaining lumber, the railroad and ultimately Zealand were abandoned {{circa|1900}}.<ref name=WMH/> A few remnants of the Zealand community can still be found.<ref name=WMH>{{cite web |url=http://whitemountainhistory.org/Zealand.html |title=Zealand and Zealand Valley Railroad |website=whitemountainhistory.org |access-date=July 10, 2020}}</ref> <gallery> File:The Mount Washington Hotel, Bretton Woods, NH.jpg|The [[Mount Washington Hotel]] {{circa|1906}} File:The Fabyan House, White Mountains, NH.jpg|The Fabyan House {{circa|1908}} File:Mt. Pleasant House, Bretton Woods, White Mts., NH.jpg|The Mt. Pleasant House {{circa|1912}} File:Joseph Stickney Memorial Chapel, Bretton Woods, New Hampshire.jpg|Stickney Memorial Chapel {{circa|1910}} </gallery>
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