Editing Carloman of Bavaria (section)

==Early life==
Carloman's birth date is unknown, but was probably around 828{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} or 830.{{sfn|Goldberg|2006|pp=60–61}}{{sfn|Schieffer|1977}} His naming can be connected to his father's push to rule [[Alemannia]] around the time of his father's assembly of [[Worms, Germany|Worms]] in 829. The first member of the Carolingian dynasty named [[Carloman (mayor of the palace)|Carloman]] had ruled Alemannia in 741–48, and subjugated it to the Franks.{{sfn|Goldberg|2006|pp=60–61}}

Carloman was old enough to participate in the civil war of 840–43, waged between his father and his uncles, [[Lothair I|Lothair]] and [[Charles the Bald]].{{sfn|Reuter|1991|p=72}} His first record public appearance is as the leader of an army of reinforcements from Bavaria and Alemannia which he brought to his father at Worms in 842. He subsequently led them in battle alongside his father and uncle (Charles the Bald) against his other uncle (Lothair).{{sfn|Goldberg|2006|p=107}} It was the beginning of a warlike career. [[Notker of Saint Gall]], who bewailed the decline of the dynasty a generation later, called Carloman ''bellicosissimus'' (literally "most warlike", or in historian Eric Goldberg's words a "real ass-kicker").{{sfn|Goldberg|2006|p=247}}

In October 848, Carloman was present at his father's council in [[Regensburg]], where the Slavic commander (''dux'') [[Pribina]] was rewarded for his service in defending the Bavarian frontier. In the charter confirming the grant, Carloman signed his name first among the secular magnates (after the ecclesiastics).{{sfn|Goldberg|2006|pp=142, 156}}

In the 840s, Carloman had a liaison with Liutswind, daughter of the Bavarian count Ratolt and sister-in-law of Count Sigihard of the [[Kraichgau]].{{sfn|Goldberg|2006|pp=264–65}} This was Carloman's first politically independent action, and it confirms his close connection to Bavaria. Around 850, Liutswind bore him a son, [[Arnulf of Carinthia|Arnulf]]. This name was chosen because it was distinctly dynastic (the founder of the Carolingian family was Bishop [[Arnulf of Metz]]), yet had never been used by a reigning king and was thus appropriate for an illegitimate eldest son. The choice of the name is the surest evidence that Liutswind and Carloman were not legally married.{{sfn|Goldberg|2006|p=265 n. 3}} Around 860, Arnulf and his cousin, [[Hugh of Saxony|Hugh]], the illegitimate son of Carloman's brother Louis, were both in [[Koblenz]] at the court of their grandfather, who was probably overseeing their military education and also holding them to ensure the good behaviour of their fathers.{{sfn|Goldberg|2006|pp=264–65}}