Editing Carl Fredrik Hill (section)

==Biography==
===Early life and training===
Born the son of a mathematics professor, Hill grew up in the university town of [[Lund]] in southern [[Sweden]] and had to strike out on his own as a [[landscape painter]] against his father's wishes.<ref name="Gunnarsson_GAO">Gunnarsson, T.  (2003, January 01). "Hill, Carl Fredrik". Grove Art Online.</ref> After studying at the [[Royal Swedish Academy of Fine Arts]], he went to France.  In the summer of 1874, he travelled to the village of [[Barbizon]] south of Paris, which was a thriving artists' colony. Both the [[Barbizon School]] and [[Camille Corot]] had a decisive influence on him.<ref name="sbl"/>

===Career===
[[File:French River Landscape, Bois-le-Roi (Carl Fredrik Hill) - Gothenburg Museum of Art - GKM 0522.tif|thumb|250px|'' Seine landscape and Populus'' (1877)]]
[[File:Wild Country in the Forest of Fontainebleau (Carl Fredrik Hill) - Nationalmuseum - 18869.tif|thumb|250 px|''Wild Country in the Forest of Fontainebleau'' (1876)]]
[[File:Seine. Motif from St Germain (Carl Fredrik Hill) - Nationalmuseum - 18870.tif|thumb|250 px|''Seine. Motif from St Germain'' (1877)]]

Hill wrote: “I have become convinced that art has no other goal than the truth, le vrai. Not the tritely naturalistic, but the true heart." He sought his subjects at different sites in France; [[Montigny-sur-Loing]], [[Champagne, France|Champagne]] and [[Normandy]]. Influenced by [[Impressionism]], he abandoned the dark coloration of his early paintings in 1876, and began painting in a freer style, sometimes applying impasto with a palette knife.<ref name="Gunnarsson_GAO"/> "Ambition drives me to overexert myself and I give myself no peace" he said. Yet, Hill's endeavors were not crowned with official success; his works were rejected when he presented them at the [[Salon (Paris)|Paris Salon]]. After a severe psychotic attack in January 1878 and subsequent hospitalization, his career as a landscape painter came to an end at the age of 28. He was diagnosed with [[hallucinations]] and [[paranoia]]. Friends helped him return home to Sweden where he gained sanctuary at his parental home after a short period at St. Lars mental hospital in Lund. At home he was cared for by his mother and a sister for 28 years until his death in 1911.<ref name="Gunnarsson_GAO"/> Hill was buried at Östra churchyard in Lund.<ref name="sbl"/>

===Later period===
During the 28  years before his death, Hill's creative work entered a new phase. The Swedish art historian [[Ragnar Josephson]] calls it "the second great period of his life as a painter". His artistry continued unabated; during these years he drew four drawings a day.
The [[motif (visual arts)|motifs]] for Hill's drawings in this period came from imagination and memory as well as from older art and [[illustrations]].<ref name="Gunnarsson_GAO"/> To Hill, drawing was a way to take control of the new world which had now succeeded the old one. On paper he created a world of his own. Drawing became a way to distract the evil forces that he perceived surrounding him constantly. He defended himself, using a pencil as his weapon. "The prince of whispers ... where the world glows in a blood-red struggle" writes [[Gunnar Ekelöf]] in a poem to Hill.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.barnebys.com/barnepedia/article//carl-fredrik-hill/ |title=Carl Fredrik Hill (1849-1911) Sweden
|publisher=   barnebys.com|accessdate=March 1, 2019}}</ref>

Hill never lived to see his recognition as an artist. He produced thousands of drawings in various techniques: [[crayon]], [[pencil]], [[ink]], [[India ink]] and [[watercolour]]. Some 3,500 drawings are still thought to exist, of which more than 2,600 are part of the collections of the [[Malmö Art Museum]], as are 23 of his oil paintings. The largest collection of all was donated to the Malmö Art Museum by Hill's heirs and have been increased with important gifts from private collections.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/20/arts/design/20galleries.html  |title=Carl Fredrik Hill (1849-1911) Sweden|publisher=  Art in Review|author=    Roberta Smith    |date=November 19, 2009 |accessdate=March 1, 2019}}</ref>

Hill's drawings were discovered and admired mainly by artists. Thanks to the Swedish collector [[Rolf de Maré]] (1888–1964), Hill's work become known in connection with the French [[avant-garde]] of the 1920s and 1930s. In 1949, a hundred years after Hill's birth, a travelling exhibition was shown in London, Lucerne, Basel, Geneva and Hamburg. The exhibition was a success, and in 1952 the [[Institut Tessin]] in Paris published a book about Hill with an introduction by [[Jacques Lassaigne]]. Since then several works about Hill have appeared in Sweden, and Hill exhibitions succeed one another both in Sweden and abroad. Hill is now reckoned as one of Sweden's most important landscape painters, and the drawings done during the time he was ill in Lund have made him known outside Sweden as well.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://sverigesradio.se/sida/avsnitt/51613?programid=2794|title=Rolf de Maré – rik, gay och framsynt danspionjär|publisher=  Sveriges Radio AB 
|accessdate=March 1, 2019}}</ref>