Editing Carbon County, Pennsylvania (section)

==History==
{{See also|National Register of Historic Places listings in Carbon County, Pennsylvania}}
===Moravian settlement ===
In 1745, the first colonial settlement in Carbon County was established by a [[Moravian Church|Moravian]] mission in Gnadenhutten, in present-day [[Lehighton, Pennsylvania|Lehighton]]. By 1752, increased hostility between colonialists and [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] put Gnadenhutten at risk for attack; in  1755, the community was attacked by Native Americans.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rabenold-Finsel |first=Rebecca |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EL5EoVgfy4cC&dq=Carbon+County:+Postcard+History&pg=PA7 |title=Carbon County |date=2004 |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |isbn=978-0-7385-3613-2 |pages=9–15 |language=en}}</ref>

In the late 1780s, the county's settlement at [[Lehigh Gap]] failed, and colonizers did not return for a decade, in the late 1780s.<ref name=Brenckman>{{cite book|title=HISTORY OF CARBON COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA |date=1884|author=Fred Brenckman, Official Commonwealth Historian|publisher=Harrisburg, Pa., J.J. Nungesser|edition=2nd (1913)
|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofcarbonc00inbren }}</ref>

===Coal ===
In 1791, a homesteader, Phillip Ginter, hunting on Sharp Mountain along [[Pisgah Mountain]]<ref>The "reasonably local Sharp Mountain of today is the same ridge, but is geographically limited by modern USGS conventions to the part west of the [[Little Schuylkill River]]'s [[water gap]]. The Sharp Mountain SUMMIT, was a peak near [[Summit Hill, Pennsylvania]], now leveled by mining activity."</ref> discovered a black tone [[coal]] outcropping, and conveyed a chunk of it to [[Weissport, Pennsylvania|Weissport]].

===Industrialization===
{{More|Industrial Revolution in the United States}}
[[File:Jim Thorpe Lehigh Broadway 2898px.jpg|thumb|Corporate headquarters of [[Lehigh Coal & Navigation Company]] in Mauch Chunk, now [[Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania|Jim Thorpe]]; the company, which was founded in 1822 and dissolved in 1985, spearheaded the [[Industrial Revolution in the United States|American Industrial Revolution]]]]
Lehigh Coal Mine Company (LCMC) operations had managed to open up the mouth area of the [[Nesquehoning Creek]] by 1800. This area became known as Lausanne, or Lausanne Landing, after the inn and tavern built there called Landing Tavern. An Amerindian trail crossed the stream near the confluence with Jean's Run<ref>Jean's Run is the first left bank tributary of Nesquehoning Creek, upstream from Nesquehoning Creek's mouth on the [[Lehigh River]]. It has three falls and steep ravine sides, so was not a valley congenial to wagon travel, nor likely friendly to climbing with pack mules without great care and persuasion.

The toll house for the turnpike was located nearby opposite the mouth of Jean's Run, and [[Pennsylvania Route 93|PA Route 93]] crosses today from an elevated bridge, so the Turnpike climbed from Jean's Run across the slope to the same level as the Broad Mountain side of today's bridge.</ref> and the camp grounds of their boat builders, climbing northwestwards along a traverse to the next water gap west, eroded into the southern flank of [[Broad Mountain (Lehigh Valley)|Broad Mountain]] in the [[Lehigh Valley]]. It connected across a [[barrier ridge]] whose waters originated in the [[saddle (landform)|saddle]]-pass where [[Hazleton, Pennsylvania|Hazleton]] was built. The trail became the [[Lausanne–Nescopeck Turnpike|Lehigh and Susquehanna Turnpike]] in 1804. PA Route 93 follows this route with the exception of where modern road building capabilities allowed improved positioning. This road cut {{convert|90|-|100|mi}} off a trip from [[Philadelphia]] to the [[Wyoming Valley]] and the northern sections of the [[Coal Region]].

===Lehigh Coal & Navigation Company===
{{Main|Lehigh Coal & Navigation Company}}
In 1827, [[Lehigh Coal & Navigation Company]], based in present-day [[Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania|Jim Thorpe]], launched the [[Mauch Chunk Switchback Railway]], the nation's second operating railroad.<ref name=Brenckman /><ref 
 name=DEL&LHcanals>{{cite book |last1=Bartholomew|first1=Ann M. |last2=Metz|first2=Lance E. |last3=Kneis|first3=Michael |date=1989|title=DELAWARE and LEHIGH CANALS |edition=First |location=Oak Printing Company, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania|publisher=Center for Canal History and Technology, Hugh Moore Historical Park and Museum, Inc., [[Easton, Pennsylvania]]|publication-date=1989 |isbn=0930973097|lccn=89-25150|page=4}}</ref> The [[Beaver Meadow Railroad and Coal Company]], also located in Carbon County, was the first railway to operate [[steam locomotive]]s as traction engines and [[Prime mover (locomotive)|prime mover]]s in the United States. The Mauch Chunk Switchback Railway connected mines west of [[Beaver Meadows, Pennsylvania|Beaver Meadows]] and [[Weatherly, Pennsylvania|Weatherly]] to the [[Lehigh Canal]] opposite [[Lehighton, Pennsylvania|Lehighton]].

===County's founding===
[[File:Carbon County, Pennsylvania state historical marker in Jim Thorpe.jpg|thumb|A state historical marker in [[Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania|Jim Thorpe]]]]
Carbon County was created on March 13, 1843, from parts of [[Northampton County, Pennsylvania|Northampton]] and [[Monroe County, Pennsylvania|Monroe]] counties and was named for the extensive deposits of [[anthracite|anthracite coal]] in the region, where it was first discovered in 1791. Early attempts were made to exploit the deposits by Lehigh Coal Mine Company (1792), whose expeditions broke trail and pioneered river bank sites using mule powered technology to log, saw, and build [[ark (river boat)|ark]]s to carry bags of coal to [[Philadelphia]] with only scant success.

===Molly Maguires===
{{Main|Molly Maguires}}
In the 19th century, Carbon County was the location of trials and executions of the [[Molly Maguires]], an [[Ireland|Irish]] secret society that had been accused of terrorizing the region.