Editing Capital punishment by country (section)

==Global overview==
===Africa===
In Africa, many countries maintain the death penalty in law. Some such countries, such as [[Capital punishment in Algeria|Algeria]] and [[Capital punishment in Cameroon|Cameroon]], have moratoriums and have not used it for over a decade, making them abolitionist in practice. In [[Capital punishment in Nigeria|Nigeria]], some states are ''[[de facto]]'' abolitionist while others are retentionist. 

In 2018, [[Capital punishment in Burkina Faso|Burkina Faso]] repealed the death penalty for civilian crimes, and [[Capital punishment in the Gambia|the Gambia]] announced a moratorium as a first step towards abolition.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gambia suspends death penalty en route to abolition|url=http://www.africanews.com/2018/02/19/gambia-suspends-death-penalty-en-route-to-abolition//|website=African News|date=19 February 2018|access-date=20 February 2018}}</ref> [[Capital punishment in Sierra Leone|Sierra Leone]] abolished capital punishment in 2021, as did the [[Capital punishment in the Central African Republic|Central African Republic]] in 2022, followed by Zimbabwe in 2024.<ref>{{cite news |title=Central African Republic abolishes death penalty |access-date=2022-09-20|url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/world/news/2022-05/central-african-republic-abolishes-death-penalty.html |work=[[Vatican News]] |date=2022-05-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Chad parliament abolishes death penalty for acts of terror |url=https://punchng.com/chad-parliament-abolishes-death-penalty-for-acts-of-terror/ |access-date=2022-09-20 |work=Punch}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sierra Leone: Abolition of death penalty a major victory |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/press-release/2021/07/sierra-leone-abolition-of-death-penalty-a-major-victory/ |access-date=2022-09-20 |work=[[Amnesty International]] |date=2021-07-25}}</ref><ref name="ZimbabweAbolishment" /> For civilian crimes, [[Capital punishment in Equatorial Guinea|Equatorial Guinea]] and [[Capital punishment in Zambia|Zambia]] abolished it in 2022, and [[Capital punishment in Ghana|Ghana]] did so in 2023.<ref name="Mbewe">{{Cite web |last=Mbewe |first=Zondiwe |date=2022-12-23 |title=HH abolishes imposition of criminal defamation of President, death penalty |url=https://diggers.news/local/2022/12/23/hh-abolishes-imposition-of-criminal-defamation-of-president-death-penalty/ |access-date=2022-12-23 |website=Zambia: News Diggers! |language=en-GB |archive-date=23 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223213039/https://diggers.news/local/2022/12/23/hh-abolishes-imposition-of-criminal-defamation-of-president-death-penalty/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Americas===
Since 2008, the [[Capital punishment in the United States|United States]] has been the only country in the Americas to carry out executions. In [[Caribbean]] countries, the death penalty exists at least ''[[de jure]]'', except in the Dominican Republic and Haiti, which abolished it in 1969 and 1987, respectively. [[Capital punishment in Grenada|Grenada]] is abolitionist in practice; its last execution was in 1978. The last execution in the Caribbean was in [[Capital punishment in Saint Kitts and Nevis|Saint Kitts and Nevis]], in 2008. In [[Central America|Central]] and [[South America]], the death penalty exists in Belize and Guyana, though it has not been used since 1985 and 1997. In [[Capital punishment in Brazil|Brazil]], [[Capital punishment in Chile|Chile]], [[Capital punishment in El Salvador|El Salvador]], [[Capital punishment in Guatemala|Guatemala]], and [[Capital punishment in Peru|Peru]], executions are legal in some circumstances, such as war crimes, and were abolished for civil crimes. In 1976, [[Capital punishment in Canada|Canada]] abolished the death penalty for non-military offences; in 1999, it abolished it for military offences.  In 2005, [[Capital punishment in Mexico|Mexico]] abolished the death penalty; in 2009 [[Capital punishment in Argentina|Argentina]] abolished it.

===Asia===
[[Capital punishment in China|China]] is the world's most active user of the death penalty; according to Amnesty International, China executes more people than the rest of the world combined, each year;<ref>{{cite news |title=Canadian's death sentence in China 'horrific', family says |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-46872651 |access-date=15 January 2019 |work=BBC |date=15 January 2019 |quote=China is believed to execute more people annually than any other country, but is highly secretive about the number. Human rights group Amnesty International puts the figure in the thousands - more than the rest of the world's nations put together.}}</ref> but the death penalty for all crimes do not apply to the two [[special administrative region]]s, [[Hong Kong]] and [[Macau]]. In December 2015, [[Capital punishment in Mongolia|Mongolia]] repealed the death penalty for all crimes.<ref>{{cite web | title=Mongolia: Historic vote abolishes death penalty | website=Amnesty International | date=4 December 2015 | url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/press-release/2015/12/mongolia-historic-vote-abolishes-death-penalty/ | access-date=4 April 2023}}</ref>

[[Capital punishment in India|India]] rarely executes criminals, carrying out just 30 executions since 1991.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Garg |first=Abinhav |date=20 December 2019 |title=Why death penalty is almost unimplementable in India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/why-death-penalty-is-almost-unimplementable-in-india/articleshow/72869380.cms |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> India most recently executed 4 perpetrators of a [[2012 Delhi gang rape and murder|gang rape and murder case]] in March 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-51969961|title=Nirbhaya case: Four Indian men executed for 2012 Delhi bus rape and murder|work=BBC News|date=20 March 2020}}</ref>

[[Capital punishment in Japan|Japan]] sometimes executes criminals, carrying out 130 executions since 1993. Japan most recently executed [[2008 Akihabara massacre|Tomohiro Katō]] in July 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=Jan 5, 2024 |title=Japan Performed No Executions in 2023, Making U.S. the Only G7 Country to Use Capital Punishment Last Year |url=https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/news/japan-performed-no-executions-in-2023-making-u-s-the-only-g7-country-to-use-capital-punishment-last-year |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=Death Penalty Information Center}}</ref>

According to a 2017 report by the National Human Rights Commission from [[Capital punishment in Myanmar|Myanmar]], over 700 prisoners in 26 prisons across the country had death sentences commuted to life imprisonment.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mmtimes.com/news/government-hasnt-relaxed-death-penalty.html|title=Government 'hasn't relaxed death penalty'|date=5 July 2018|website=The Myanmar Times|access-date=27 July 2020|archive-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004145407/https://www.mmtimes.com/news/government-hasnt-relaxed-death-penalty.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Singapore resumed executions in March 2022 after a two-year moratorium due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Singapore came under scrutiny for executing drug traffickers in several high-profile cases, including [[Execution of Nagaenthran K. Dharmalingam|Nagaenthran Dharmalingam]] who was hanged in April 2022,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.todayonline.com/world/singapore-executes-malaysian-drugs-charges-after-rejecting-mental-disability-appeal-1884021|title=Singapore executes Malaysian on drugs charges after rejecting mental disability appeal|website=Today|date=27 April 2022|access-date=26 April 2023|archive-date=27 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220427032144/https://www.todayonline.com/world/singapore-executes-malaysian-drugs-charges-after-rejecting-mental-disability-appeal-1884021|url-status=dead}}</ref> and [[Tangaraju Suppiah]] who was hanged in April 2023.<ref name="cnn.com">{{cite news |date= 26 April 2023 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/04/25/asia/singapore-cannabis-execution-tangaraju-suppiah-intl-hnk/index.html |website=CNN|title=Singapore executes man for trafficking two pounds of cannabis }}</ref> In July 2023, a convicted drug trafficker named [[Execution of Saridewi Djamani|Saridewi binte Djamani]] was executed, becoming the first female offender hanged in Singapore in 19 years, after the 2004 hanging of [[Yen May Woen]].<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-66333776|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230728034735/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-66333776|url-status= live|archive-date= 28 July 2023|title= Singapore executes woman on drugs charge for the first time in 20 years|website= BBC News|date= 28 July 2023}}</ref> Singapore's first execution for murder since 2019 was carried out in February 2024, when Bangladeshi painter [[Ahmed Salim (murderer)|Ahmed Salim]] was hanged for murdering his ex-girlfriend in 2018.<ref>{{cite news|date=28 February 2024|title=Man who killed ex-fiancee is first person to be executed for murder in Singapore since 2019|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/courts-crime/man-who-killed-ex-fiancee-is-first-person-to-be-executed-for-murder-in-singapore-since-2019|work=The Straits Times}}</ref>

===Europe===
{{Main|Capital punishment in Europe}}
The [[Capital punishment in the European Union|European Union]] holds a strong position against the death penalty; its abolition is a key objective for the Union's human rights policy. Abolition is also a pre-condition for entry into the European Union. In Europe, only [[Capital punishment in Belarus|Belarus]] continues to actively use capital punishment.<ref>{{cite web|author=European External Action Service |url=http://eeas.europa.eu/human_rights/adp/index_en.htm |title=European Union - EEAS (European External Action Service) &#124; EU Policy on Death Penalty |publisher=Eeas.europa.eu |date=30 September 2008 |access-date=9 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/central-asia/news/belarus-and-ukrainan-rebels-keep-death-penalty-alive-in-europe/|title=Belarus and {{sic|Ukrain|an|nolink=y}} rebels keep death penalty alive in Europe|last=Crisp|first=James|date=1 April 2015|newspaper=www.euractiv.com|language=en-GB|access-date=28 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-un-report-dire-situation-fighting/28912171.html|title=UN Says Fighting Fuels 'Dire' Situation In Eastern Ukraine As Winter Sets In|newspaper=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|date=12 December 2017 |language=en|access-date=28 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://khpg.org/en/1599258096 |title=More than 9 death sentences imposed in unrecognized Russian proxy Donbas 'republic' |website=khpg.org |access-date=18 March 2021}}</ref>

Capital punishment has been completely abolished in all European countries except for Belarus and [[Capital punishment in Russia|Russia]], the latter of which has a moratorium and has not conducted an execution since 1996. The absolute ban on the death penalty is enshrined in both the [[Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union]] (EU) and two widely adopted protocols of the [[European Convention on Human Rights]] of the [[Council of Europe]], and is thus considered a central value. Of all present European countries, [[Capital punishment in San Marino|San Marino]], [[Capital punishment in Portugal|Portugal]] and the [[Capital punishment in the Netherlands|Netherlands]] were the first to abolish capital punishment; [[Capital punishment in Romania|Romania]] banned it even earlier in 1864, but it was much later reintroduced from 1936 to 1990 during the dictatorial and communist eras; in [[Capital punishment in Italy|Italy]] the nationwide ban on the death penalty dates from 1889 (capital punishment had previously not been in force in [[Tuscany]] alone since 1859, and even earlier for short periods starting from 1786), but it was then reintroduced during the [[Italian fascism|fascist regime]]; now only Belarus still uses capital punishment. In 2012, [[Capital punishment in Latvia|Latvia]] became the last EU member state to abolish capital punishment in wartime.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldcoalition.org/International-law-abolition-protocols-ratified-last-month.html|title=International law: abolition protocols ratified last month|website=World Coalition Against the Death Penalty|access-date=4 December 2018|archive-date=22 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822113517/http://www.worldcoalition.org/International-law-abolition-protocols-ratified-last-month.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Post-Soviet states===
{{Unreferenced section|date=August 2023}}
[[Capital punishment in Russia|Russia]] retains the death penalty in law, but there has been a [[moratorium (law)|moratorium]] since 1996, making it ''de facto'' abolitionist. The last execution on Russian territory was in Chechnya in 1999.{{what|date=June 2024}} Of the other former Soviet republics, only [[Capital punishment in Belarus|Belarus]] and [[Capital punishment in Tajikistan|Tajikistan]] have not formally abolished capital punishment, and only Belarus uses it in practice. In 2000, [[Capital punishment in Ukraine|Ukraine]] abolished the death penalty completely (in peace and wartime), as did [[Capital punishment in Kazakhstan|Kazakhstan]] in June 2022.<ref>{{cite web | title=An end to the death penalty in Kazakhstan | website=The Sigrid Rausing Trust | date=14 September 2022 | url=https://www.sigrid-rausing-trust.org/story/an-end-to-the-death-penalty-in-kazakhstan/ | access-date=4 April 2023}}</ref>

===Oceania===
The [[Kingdom of Tahiti]] (when the island was independent) was the first legislative assembly in the world to abolish the death penalty in 1824. Tahiti commuted the death penalty to banishment.<ref name="Tahiti">Alexandre Juster, L'histoire de la Polynésie française en 101 dates : 101 événements marquants qui ont fait l'histoire de Tahiti et ses îles, Les éditions de Moana, 2016 ({{ISBN|9782955686010}}), p. 40</ref> Nearly all countries in this region have abolished the death penalty as a form of punishment, and the last country that still has it in law ([[Capital punishment in Tonga|Tonga]]) has not used it since 1982 and is considered de facto abolitionist. [[Capital punishment in Australia|Australia]] abolished the death penalty completely in 1985.

===Human Development Index===
There are 65 sovereign states with a very high human development according to the 2021/2022 [[Human Development Report]].<ref>{{cite web |publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]] |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf |access-date=23 September 2022 |title=Human Development Report 2021/2022}}</ref> Of these:

*14 (22%) maintain the death penalty in both law and practice: [[Capital punishment in Singapore|Singapore]], [[Capital punishment in Japan|Japan]], the [[Capital punishment in the United States|United States]], [[Capital punishment in the United Arab Emirates|United Arab Emirates]], [[Capital punishment in Bahrain|Bahrain]], [[Capital punishment in Saudi Arabia|Saudi Arabia]], [[Capital punishment in Qatar|Qatar]], [[Capital punishment in Kuwait|Kuwait]], [[Capital punishment in Oman|Oman]], [[Capital punishment in the Bahamas|the Bahamas]], [[Capital punishment in Trinidad and Tobago|Trinidad and Tobago]], [[Capital punishment in Belarus|Belarus]], [[Capital punishment in Malaysia|Malaysia]],{{efn|Moratorium since 2018; mandatory death sentence abolished April 2023.<ref name=abcapr2023>{{cite web | title=Malaysia passes sweeping legal reforms to remove the mandatory death penalty| website =[[ABC News (Australia)]] | date=3 April 2023 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-04-03/malaysia-scraps-mandatory-death-penalty-legal-reforms/102182802 | access-date=4 April 2023}}</ref>}} and [[Capital punishment in Thailand|Thailand]].
*3 (5%) permit its use, but have not used it for at least 10 years and are believed to have a policy or established practice of not carrying out executions: [[Capital punishment in South Korea|South Korea]], [[Capital punishment in Brunei|Brunei]], and [[Capital punishment in Russia|Russia]].
*2 (3%) have abolished it for all crimes except those committed under exceptional circumstances (such as during war): [[Capital punishment in Israel|Israel]] and [[Capital punishment in Chile|Chile]].
*46 (71%) have completely abolished it, including [[Capital punishment in Argentina|Argentina]], [[Capital punishment in Australia|Australia]], [[Capital punishment in Austria|Austria]], [[Capital punishment in Canada|Canada]], [[Capital punishment in Denmark|Denmark]], [[Capital punishment in Finland|Finland]], [[Capital punishment in France|France]], [[Capital punishment in Germany|Germany]], [[Capital punishment in Italy|Italy]], [[Capital punishment in Norway|Norway]], [[Capital punishment in Poland|Poland]], [[Capital punishment in Spain|Spain]], [[Capital punishment in Sweden|Sweden]], [[Capital punishment in Switzerland|Switzerland]], [[Capital punishment in Turkey|Turkey]], and the [[Capital punishment in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]].

Singapore has the highest [[Human Development Index]] of all the countries that use the death penalty, while Japan has both the highest [[List of countries by inequality-adjusted Human Development Index|inequality-adjusted HDI]] and the highest [[List of countries by planetary pressures–adjusted Human Development Index|planetary pressures–adjusted HDI]].

===Developed countries===
As of 2022, 36 of the 40 countries and territories that are classified by the [[International Monetary Fund|IMF]] as [[developed countries]] (advanced economies), including [[Special administrative regions of China|China's Special administrative regions]] of [[Capital punishment in Hong Kong|Hong Kong]] and [[Capital punishment in Macau|Macau]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2022/01/weodata/groups.htm#ae | title=World Economic Outlook Database April 2022 -- WEO Groups and Aggregates Information }}</ref> have completely abolished the death penalty. Only the United States, Japan, Singapore and Taiwan retain the death penalty for ordinary crimes, and Israel for crimes under exceptional circumstances (such as during war).

===Numbers executed in 2022===
At least 21 countries performed executions in {{As of|2022|bare=yes}}:<ref name=":0" /><ref name="amnesty.org">{{Cite web|url=http://www.capitalpunishmentuk.org/overview.html|title=Overview of the death penalty worldwide in 2016|website=www.capitalpunishmentuk.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.deathpenaltyworldwide.org/country-search-post.cfm?141-9chk=on&hideinfo=on|title=Death Penalty Worldwide|website=www.deathpenaltyworldwide.org|access-date=28 June 2019|archive-date=16 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616025908/http://www.deathpenaltyworldwide.org/country-search-post.cfm?141-9chk=on&hideinfo=on|url-status=dead}}</ref>

* '''Americas (1 country):''' United States (18)
* '''Asia (13 countries):''' Afghanistan (unknown), Bangladesh (4), China (unknown), Iran (596+), Iraq (unknown), Japan (1), Kuwait (7), North Korea (unknown), Saudi Arabia (146), Singapore (11), Syria (unknown), Vietnam (unknown), Yemen (1)
* '''Africa (3 countries):''' Egypt (unknown), Somalia (19), South Sudan (2)

Precise numbers are unavailable for some countries, so the total number of executions is unknown. Other countries, like Myanmar and Libya, have conducted extrajudicial executions.