Editing Cantilever (section)

==In bridges, towers, and buildings==
Cantilevers are widely found in construction, notably in [[cantilever bridge]]s and [[balcony|balconies]] (see [[corbel]]). In cantilever bridges, the cantilevers are usually built as pairs, with each cantilever used to support one end of a central section. The [[Forth Bridge]] in [[Scotland]] is an example of a cantilever [[truss bridge]]. A cantilever in a traditionally [[Timber framing|timber framed]] building is called a [[Jettying|jetty]] or [[Pennsylvania barn|forebay]]. In the southern United States, a historic barn type is the cantilever barn of [[Log cabin|log construction]].

Temporary cantilevers are often used in construction.
The partially constructed structure creates a cantilever, but the completed structure does not act as a cantilever.
This is very helpful when temporary supports, or [[falsework]], cannot be used to support the structure while it is being built (e.g., over a busy roadway or river, or in a deep valley). Therefore, some [[truss arch bridge]]s (see [[Navajo Bridge]]) are built from each side as cantilevers until the spans reach each other and are then jacked apart to stress them in compression before finally joining. Nearly all [[cable-stayed bridges]] are built using cantilevers as this is one of their chief advantages. Many box girder bridges are built [[Segmental bridge|segmentally]], or in short pieces. This type of construction lends itself well to balanced cantilever construction where the bridge is built in both directions from a single support.

These structures rely heavily on [[torque]] and rotational equilibrium for their stability.

In an architectural application, [[Frank Lloyd Wright]]'s [[Fallingwater]] used cantilevers to project large balconies.<!--Please add content about the structural problems which these have; the people maintaining it would know-->
The East Stand at [[Elland Road]] Stadium in Leeds was, when completed, the largest cantilever stand in the world<ref>{{Cite journal |date=6 February 1992 |title=GMI Construction wins £5.5M Design and Build Contract for Leeds United Football Club's Elland Road East Stand |url=https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/archive/06feb92-uk-gmi-construction-wins-5-5m-design-and-build-contract-for-leeds-united-football-clubs-elland-road-east-stand-06-02-1992/ |journal=Construction News |access-date=24 September 2012}}</ref> holding 17,000 spectators.
The [[roof]] built over the stands at [[Old Trafford]] uses a cantilever so that no supports will block views of the field.
The old (now demolished) [[Miami Stadium]] had a similar roof over the spectator area. The largest cantilevered roof in Europe is located at [[St James' Park]] in [[Newcastle-Upon-Tyne]], the home stadium of [[Newcastle United F.C.]]<ref name="IStructE">IStructE The Structural Engineer Volume 77/No 21, 2 November 1999. James's Park a redevelopment challenge</ref><ref name="highbeamdotcom">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110826052725/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-898836331.html highbeam.com]; '' The Architects' Journal''. Existing stadiums: St James' Park, Newcastle. 1 July 2005</ref>

Less obvious examples of cantilevers are free-standing (vertical) [[radio masts and towers|radio towers]] without [[guy-wire]]s, and [[chimneys]], which resist being blown over by the wind through cantilever action at their base.

<gallery mode="nolines">
Image:ForthBridgeEdinburgh.jpg|The [[Forth Bridge]], a cantilever truss bridge
Image:Pierre Pflimlin Bridge UC Adjusted.jpg|This [[Pierre Pflimlin Bridge|concrete bridge]] temporarily functions as a set of two balanced cantilevers during construction – with further cantilevers jutting out to support [[formwork]].
File:Howrah Bridge.jpg|[[Howrah Bridge]] in [[India]], a cantilever bridge
Image:FallingwaterCantilever570320cv.jpg|A cantilevered balcony of the [[Fallingwater]] house, by [[Frank Lloyd Wright]]
File:Canton Viaduct, Southern view, west side.JPG|A cantilevered railroad deck and fence on the [[Canton Viaduct]]
File:Cantilever-barn-moa-tn1.jpg|A cantilever barn in rural [[Tennessee]]
File:18-22-186-cades.jpg|Cantilever barn at [[Cades Cove]]
File:DoubleJettiedBuilding.jpg|A double jettied building in Cambridge, England
File:Cantilever Jenga.JPG|Cantilever occurring in the game "[[Jenga]]"
File:Busan_Film_Center.jpg|[[Busan Cinema Center]] in Busan, South Korea, with the world's longest cantilever roof
File:Riverplace Tower in Jacksonville.jpg|Cantilever facade of [[Riverplace Tower]] in [[Jacksonville, Florida]], by [[Welton Becket]] and [[KBJ Architects]]
File:Cantilever crown.png|This [[radiograph]] of a "bridge" dental restoration features a cantilevered crown to the left.
File:Ronan Point collapse closeup.jpg|[[Ronan Point]]: Structural failure of part of floors cantilevered from a central shaft.
File:Fiat tagliero, 08.JPG|[[Fiat Tagliero]], a [[Futurist architecture|Futurist-style]] [[Filling station|service station]] in [[Asmara]], [[Eritrea]], has a mirrored cantilevered roof.
</gallery>