Editing Canidae (section)

==Taxonomy==
{{see also|List of canids}}
In the history of the carnivores, the family Canidae is represented by the two extinct subfamilies designated as Hesperocyoninae and Borophaginae, and the extant subfamily Caninae.<ref name=miklosi2015/> This subfamily includes all living canids and their most recent fossil relatives.<ref name=tedford2009/> All living canids as a group form a dental [[monophyletic]] relationship with the extinct borophagines, with both groups having a [[bicuspid]] (two points) on the lower [[carnassial]] [[talonid]], which gives this tooth an additional ability in [[mastication]]. This, together with the development of a distinct [[Glossary of mammalian dental topography#Lower teeth|entoconid]] cusp and the broadening of the talonid of the first lower [[molar (tooth)|molar]], and the corresponding enlargement of the talon of the upper first molar and reduction of its [[Glossary of mammalian dental topography#Upper teeth|parastyle]] distinguish these late [[Cenozoic]] canids and are the essential differences that identify their clade.<ref name=tedford2009/>{{rp|p6}}

The cat-like [[Feliformia]] and dog-like [[Caniformia]] emerged within the [[Carnivoramorpha]] around 45–42 Mya (million years ago).<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Flynn | first1 = John J. | last2 = Wesley-Hunt | first2 = Gina D. | year = 2005 | title = Phylogeny of the Carnivora: Basal Relationships Among the Carnivoramorphans, and Assessment of the Position of 'Miacoidea' Relative to Carnivora | journal = Journal of Systematic Palaeontology | volume = 3 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–28 | doi=10.1017/s1477201904001518| bibcode = 2005JSPal...3....1W | s2cid = 86755875 }}</ref> The Canidae first appeared in North America during the [[Late Eocene]] (37.8-33.9 Mya). They did not reach Eurasia until the [[Late Miocene]] or to South America until the [[Late Pliocene]].<ref name=tedford2009/>{{rp|7}}

===Phylogenetic relationships===
This [[cladogram]] shows the phylogenetic position of canids within [[Caniformia]], based on fossil finds:<ref name=tedford2009/>
{{clade
 |style=font-size:90%;line-height:85%
 |label1=[[Caniformia]]
 |1={{clade
    |label1=[[Arctoidea]]
    |1= (bears, procyonids, pinnipeds, etc.) [[File:Ailurus fulgens - 1700-1880 - Print - Iconographia Zoologica - Special Collections University of Amsterdam -(white background).jpg|80 px]]
    |label2=[[Cynoidea]]
    |2={{clade
       |label1={{extinct}}''[[Miacis]]''
       |1=(various {{extinct}}''[[Miacis]]'' [[spp.]])[[File:Miacis restoration.jpg|60 px]]
       |state1=double
       |label2='''Canidae'''
       |2={{clade
          |label1={{extinct}}[[Hesperocyoninae]]
          |1=(''[[Mesocyon]]'', ''[[Enhydrocyon]]'', ''[[Hesperocyon]]'', and other basal canines, e.g. ''[[Cynodictis]]'')[[File:Cynodictis (white background).jpg|80 px]]
          |label2=
          |3={{clade
             |label1={{extinct}}[[Borophaginae]]
             |1=(''[[Aelurodon]]'', [[Cynarctina|cynarctin]]s, and others)<span style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Epicyon haydeni 3.jpg|90 px]]</span>
             |label2=[[Caninae]]
             |2= (all modern canids and extinct relatives) [[File:Dogs, jackals, wolves, and foxes (Plate X).jpg|70 px]]
             }}
            }}
        }}
     }}
 }}